Site-Season effects on crop productivity

可组合作物的产量制图使识别田间和农场产量的空间变异变得更加容易。绘制的土壤信息（典型剖面、底土特性、矿物学持水能力、通行能力等）现有1：250，000比例尺的数据，但不够详细，无法有效地考虑实地变化。作物产量也随着时间的变化而显著变化，包括天气的变化（Wreford和Adger，2010）、害虫和疾病的压力（Madgwick等人，2011年），以及季节性管理的影响，包括耕作，轮作和化肥和农药的使用。分析和量化异质土壤条件与作物生长和产量之间的关系往往受到缺乏数据的限制，这是由于与采样相关的高成本和时间要求（Heil和Schmidhalter，2012年）。在对时间和空间变化进行调查的有限数量的研究中，模式往往相互作用，即一年的高产地区可能是下一年的低产地区（Blackmore等人，2003年）。

Yield mapping in combinable crops has made identifying spatial variation in yield across fields and farms easier. Mapped soil information, (typical profile, sub-soil properties, mineralogy water-holding capacity, trafficability etc.) is available, at 1:250,000 scale, which is not sufficiently detailed to allow in-field variation to be considered effectively. Crop yields also vary markedly in time, with variation in weather (Wreford and Adger, 2010), pest and disease pressure (Madgwick et al., 2011), and seasonal management impacts including cultivations, rotations and fertiliser and pesticide use. Analysing and quantifying relationships between heterogeneous soil conditions and crop growth and yield has often been constrained by a lack of data due to high costs and time demands associated with the sampling (Heil and Schmidhalter, 2012). In the limited number of studies where both temporal and spatial variation are investigated, the patterns often interact i.e. high yielding areas one year might be low yielding the next (Blackmore et al., 2003).