New Method for Real-Time Measurement of Diesel Aerosol

实时测量柴油气溶胶的新方法

• 批准号: 7026778
• 负责人: DAVID B KITTELSON
• 金额: $ 20.2万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-08-01 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7026778
• 关键词: aerosols; air sampling /monitoring; biomedical equipment development; engine exhaust; environmental exposure; hazardous substances; minings; occupational hazard; particle; portable biomedical equipment; technology /technique development

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The Mine Safety and Health Administration promulgated standards for Diesel Participate Matter (DPM) for coal and noncoal mines. The filter based methods used to enforce the new standards provide information on mass emissions, and the type of carbon. These methods do not provide real-time information on alternative exposure metrics such as particle number, surface area and volume. Reliance on these standards may underestimate the health risk resulting from exposure to Diesel exhaust when new technology is introduced. Our research will evaluate alternatives to mass based emission and time weighted average filter based standards that will enable the concentration of nuclei mode (< 30 nm in diameter) to be estimated. The response of real-time aerosol instruments is strongly influenced by the physical and chemical nature of Diesel aerosol such as particle size and composition. In a pilot study, we showed that instrument response was suppressed by the presence of a large, predominantly volatile nuclei mode, and/or the presence of volatile material on the surface of the solid carbonaceous agglomerates present in the accumulation mode (particles 30-1,000 nm). Removal of the volatile material enhanced the response, improved correlation between instruments, and provides an estimate of carbonaceous particulate matter. The long-term objective of this research is to ensure that no new health hazards are introduced underground by the use of new emission control technology. We will evaluate and recommend a suite of low-cost, real-time aerosol instruments that can be used in the laboratory, and possibly underground, to evaluate exposure/emissions and determine the physical and chemical characteristics of Diesel aerosol. The goals are: 1) evaluate the control efficiency of catalyzed emission control devices in the laboratory by measuring the particle size (number, surface area and volume), number concentration, particle volatility, mass concentration, elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) concentration using a suite of real time instruments, 2) recommend procedures for the use of a low cost instrument package for laboratory evaluation of Diesel engines equipped with and without emission control devices, 3) develop a portable catalytic stripper for use with these instruments in underground, non-gassy mines to obtain real-time data on the physical and chemical characteristics of DPM to which miners are exposed.

描述（由申请人提供）：矿山安全和健康管理局颁布了煤矿和非煤矿的柴油参与物（柴油）标准。用于执行新标准的基于过滤器的方法提供了关于质量排放和碳类型的信息。这些方法不提供关于替代暴露度量的实时信息，例如颗粒数量、表面积和体积。依赖这些标准可能会低估新技术引入时暴露于柴油机废气所造成的健康风险。我们的研究将评估基于质量的发射和基于时间加权平均滤波器的标准的替代方案，这些标准将能够估计核模式（直径< 30 nm）的浓度。 实时气溶胶仪器的响应受到柴油气溶胶的物理和化学性质的强烈影响，例如颗粒尺寸和成分。在一项初步研究中，我们表明，仪器响应会受到大的、主要挥发性核模式的存在和/或以积累模式存在的固体碳质团聚体表面上挥发性物质的存在（颗粒30- 1，000纳米）的抑制。挥发性物质的去除增强了响应，改善了仪器之间的相关性，并提供了对含碳颗粒物的估计。 这项研究的长期目标是确保使用新的排放控制技术不会在地下引入新的健康危害。我们将评估并推荐一套低成本的实时气溶胶仪器，这些仪器可用于实验室，也可能用于地下，以评估暴露/排放并确定柴油气溶胶的物理和化学特性。 目标是：1）通过测量颗粒尺寸，在实验室中评估催化排放控制装置的控制效率（数量、表面积和体积）、数量浓度、颗粒挥发性、质量浓度、元素碳（EC）和有机碳（OC）浓度，使用一套真实的时间仪器，2）推荐使用低成本仪器包对配备和不配备排放控制装置的柴油发动机进行实验室评估的程序，（3）开发一种便携式催化汽提器，与这些仪器一起在地下无瓦斯矿井中使用，以获得关于矿工所接触的甲烷的物理和化学特性的实时数据。