A study of work in relation to refugees and asylum seekers in Northern Ireland

2015年，内政部承诺作为叙利亚弱势群体重新安置计划的一部分，在北爱尔兰收容难民，这提高了人们对难民融入社会的关注。(加里·J，2018)。难民是指因担心受到种族、国籍、宗教、政治观点或社会团体成员的迫害而获得内政部批准留在英国的人。他们可以工作、享受福利和在英国各地迁徙(北爱尔兰议会，2014)。与可能无法工作的寻求庇护者不同，难民是那些因担心因种族、国籍、宗教、政治观点或社会团体成员而受到迫害而获得内政部批准留在英国的人。北爱尔兰执行机构负责执行该计划，并负责与交付伙伴和组织合作。(联合国人权事务高级专员办事处，2017)北爱尔兰的分裂可以分为我们、他们和其他人。其他的通常是为那些非本地人保留的，他们更有可能成为种族主义的目标。(Malischewski，2013)《1997年种族关系(北爱尔兰)令》是专门处理基于族裔的歧视的第一项主要立法。(步骤2010)禁止在就业、教育、商品、设施和服务方面基于“种族”理由的歧视。最新的种族平等战略(2015-2025年)准备提供一个基准，帮助解决不平等问题，最大限度地增加少数族裔提供的机会。该战略侧重于确定和回应不同人民和不同社区的需要，并确保这里的每个人都享有人权。北爱尔兰最近对叙利亚弱势重新安置计划的承诺使人们更加关注难民和寻求庇护者融入社会权利方面的问题。难民不是计分制度的一部分：移民被要求达到特定的技能和经验水平，雇主被赋予担保责任。他们可以不受任何限制地在英国工作，与英国其他雇员一样，受到2010年《平等法》和1998年《人权法》(所有议会小组，2017年)的保护。难民对劳动力市场、就业途径和他们的选择，包括职业培训和学徒，缺乏了解，这可能会限制他们获得有意义的就业机会，从而最大限度地利用他们的技能(苏格兰政府，2018年)一些难民报告说，因为他们身体健康，对福利感到羞愧。难民被剥夺了权力，缺乏挑战的信心，这一直是将他们排除在有效获得权利之外的一个关键因素(Strang 2018)。就业能力是一体化的手段和标志。权利和公民权被提议作为阐明塑造政策的(可能相互冲突的)假设和原则的基础。(Ager And Strang 2008)。社会政策、社会公民权和权力下放之间存在联系(Mulvey 2018)这项研究将解决与北爱尔兰难民和寻求庇护者有关的工作问题，将其作为在“多层次”政策体系内主张社会权利的一种手段(联合国人权事务高级专员办事处，2017)。它将解决自我管理问题，同时考虑到北爱尔兰本身是一个“分裂的社会”的额外复杂性。(Malischewski，2013)通过对自我行为的深入理解，形成了一个“分裂的社会”。

The commitment from the Home Office in 2015 to host refugees in Northern Ireland as part of the Syrian Vulnerable Person Relocation Scheme has heightened attention towards refugee integration. (Garry J, 2018). Refugees are people who have been granted Home Office permission to stay in the UK on a well-founded fear of persecution due to race, nationality, religion, political opinion or membership of a social group. They can work, access benefits and move around the UK (Northern Ireland Assembly, 2014). In contrast to asylum seekers, who may not work, refugees are people who have been granted Home Office permission to stay in the UK on a well- founded fear of persecution due to race, nationality, religion, political opinion or membership of a social group. The Northern Ireland Executive has responsibility for implementing the scheme and for working with delivery partners and organisations. (UNCHR, 2017)The division in Northern Ireland can be categorised into us, them and other. Other is generally reserved for those who are not local who are more likely to be targets of racism. (Malischewski 2013) The Race Relations (Northern Ireland) Order 1997 was the first major piece of legislation specifically to address discrimination on the grounds of ethnicity. (STEP 2010) It prohibits discrimination on 'racial' grounds in employment, education, goods, facilities and services. The most recent Racial Equality Strategy (2015 - 2025) was prepared to provide a benchmark that helps to tackle inequalities and maximise opportunities presented by ethnic minorities. The Strategy focuses on identifying and responding to the needs of different people and different communities and ensuring that everyone here is accorded their human rights.The recent commitment by Northern Ireland to the Syrian Vulnerable Relocation Scheme brings a heightened attention to questions around integration of refugees and asylum seekers in relation to social rights. Refugees are not part of the points-based system: where migrants are required to meet particular skill and experience levels and employers are given sponsorship duties. They are able to work in the UK without any restrictions and, in common with other employees in the UK, are covered by the Equality Act 2010 and the Human Rights Act 1998 (All Parliamentary Group, 2017)Refugees' lack of understanding of the labour market, pathways to employment and their options, including vocational training and apprenticeships, can limit their opportunities to gain meaningful employment, which makes best use of their skills (Scottish Government, 2018) Some refugees have reported a sense of shame being on benefits because they are fit and healthy. Refugees became disempowered and have a lack of confidence to challenge and this has been a key factor in excluding them from effective access to rights (Strang 2018). Employability is a means and marker of integration. Rights and citizenship are proposed as a basis for articulating the (potentially conflicting) assumptions and principles that shape policy. (Ager and Strang 2008). There is a link between social policy, social citizenship and devolution (Mulvey 2018) This research will address the question of work in relation to refugees and asylum seekers in Northern Ireland as a means of claiming social rights within a 'multi-tiered' policy system (UNCHR, 2017). It will address self-agency whilst considering the added complexity of Northern Ireland being a 'divided society' itself. (Malischewski, 2013) a 'divided society' through an in-depth understanding of self agency.