'Now thou art an O without a figure': A Feminine Hermeneutics of Absence and the Early Modern Theatre

我的博士研究将通过解释学的方法来探讨悲伤，考虑如何将悲伤理解为一种无法言说的(无法言说的)话语。与传统的悲伤心理模型不同，这个项目将展示通过文学媒介定性理解悲伤的必要性，并将重点放在作为经验的写作上。通过这种方式，损失将被理解为导致和远离语言，而哀悼将被假定为一个(去)构建(非)自我的蜕变过程。因此，与强调恢复的线性模型相比，强调通过周期性哀悼来解决悲伤的(非)可解性。为了扩展上述研究问题，本博士将在当代语境中分析存在主义悲伤，并旨在将悲伤理解为源于存在的虚无的不可说的话语。这将通过结合哲学、宗教、文学和解释学的四方跨学科方法来执行。它将探索悲伤和失语症之间的关系，重点放在写作作为反复哀悼的(退化)生成过程。第一章将概述我们当前欧洲语境下的生存困境，哀叹现实在上帝缺席的情况下的不稳定，这已经被后结构主义运动导致的西方话语的分裂所暴露。这一章将涉及关键的存在主义和后现代人物，如索伦·克尔凯郭尔、弗雷德里奇·尼采、让-保罗·萨特和雅克·德里达，概述当前的后现代身份认同危机，并展示其与悲痛的关系。第二章将把存在主义的悲哀发展成一种无法沟通的话语，并将主要借鉴威廉·弗兰克和迈克尔·赛尔斯，通过C.S.刘易斯和莎士比亚悲剧的文学来展示其目的。第三章随后将进行现象学转向，论证写作是一种通过动态否定在身份(去)建构方面哀悼的经验过程。这一点将通过HéLène Cixous、马丁·海德格尔、凯瑟琳·凯勒和艾米莉·狄金森的诗歌来探讨。最后，第四章将探索德里德关于名义上的专有作为与死者的(非)关系中的非理性的概念，将死亡理解为绝对的损失--所有悲痛和或有哀悼的起点和终点。这个项目的原始贡献是它对悲痛的高度跨学科研究，通过社会科学和自然科学更多地强调定量研究。因此，它将提供对人文学科中不遵循临床或康复路径的悲痛/哀悼的新理解。此外，它还将通过在悲痛的节点研究中融合这两种话语，为新兴的当代语义学和神语学学术做出贡献，并将进一步在直接意识中复兴存在主义思想。在我们这个时代，围绕哀悼和身份认同的问题尤其相关，因为我们这个时代还没有一种语言来定义自己，因此引发了围绕文化和自我认同的悲痛和不确定性。

My doctoral research will explore grief through a hermeneutical approach in considering how grief may be understood as an apophatic (unsayable) discourse. Contra traditional psychological models of grief, this project will demonstrate the need to understand grief qualitatively through the medium of literature, and moreover will focus on writing as experiential. In this way, loss will be understood as leading both to and away from language, and mourning will be posited as a process of metamorphosis which (de)constructs (non)selfhood. Emphasis will thus be given to the (un)solvability of grief through cyclical mourning, contrasting with linear models emphasizing recovery.To expand on the research question above, this PhD will analyze existential grief in a contemporary context and aim to understand grief as an unsayable discourse emanating from the no-thingness of existence. This will be executed through a quadripartite interdisciplinary methodology combining philosophy, religion, literature and hermeneutics. It will explore the relationship between grief and apophasis, focusing on writing as a (de)generative process of recurrent mourning. The first chapter will outline the existential plight in our current European context, lamenting the instability of reality in the absence of God, which has been exposed by the fracturing of Western discourse through poststructuralist movements. This chapter will engage with key existential and postmodern figures such as Soren Kierkegaard, Fredrich Nietzsche, Jean-Paul Sartre and Jacques Derrida, outlining the present post postmodern existential crisis of identity and demonstrate its relationship to grief. The second chapter will then develop existential grief as an apophatic (incommunicable) discourse, and will primarily draw upon William Franke and Michael Sells, demonstrating its aim through the literature of C.S. Lewis and Shakespearean Tragedy. Chapter Three will subsequently take a phenomenological turn, demonstrating writing as an experiential process of mourning in terms of identity (de)construction via kinetic negation. This will be explored through the works of Hélène Cixous, Martin Heidegger, Catherine Keller and the poetry of Emily Dickinson. Finally, Chapter Four will explore Derridean notions of the nominal proper as apophatic in (non)relation to the deceased, understanding death as Absolute Loss-the beginning and end point of all grief and contingent mourning.The original contribution of this project is its highly interdisciplinary study of grief, which has had more emphasis in quantitative research through the social and natural sciences. It will therefore provide a new understanding of grief/mourning in the humanities that does not follow clinical or recovery pathways. Furthermore, it will also contribute to newly emerging scholarship on contemporary apophatics and theopoetics by merging both discourses in the nodal study of grief, and will moreover revive existential thought within immediate consciousness. Questions surrounding mourning and identity are especially pertinent in our present era, which does not yet have a language to define itself, thereby eliciting grief and uncertainty surrounding cultural and self-identification.