Clusters of Galaxies: The Universe's Kaleidoscopes

星系团是宇宙中最强大的引力透镜，因为在100- 500kpc的尺度上物质高度集中。对于x射线选择的星团来说尤其如此，这些星团优先集中在中心。我们已经编目了200个在0.2 < z < 0.6之间的x射线最明亮的星团。我们有HST，钱德拉，JVLA和赫歇尔的大部分数据。我们有一个正在进行的VLT MUSE调查，观察了120多个这样的星团，以确定最亮的透镜源以及星团成员的光谱信息。这些数据限制了背景、透镜星系的性质，从而限制了星系团本身的暗物质分布，并为VLT、ALMA和JWST的后续工作提供了丰富的目标遗产。特别是，这些观测确定了具有最亮线的系统，这对于成功的ao辅助后续行动至关重要，后续行动将把光细分为更多的空间元素。这个项目的重点是最亮的透镜源，这些透镜源限制了星团的引力质量，也限制了透镜星系的性质。通过我们MUSE调查提供的前所未有的统计数据，我们将通过几百个透镜源的样本和少数可以用其他望远镜跟踪的高度放大的系统来解决广泛的天体物理学问题。

Clusters of galaxies act as the most powerful gravitational lenses in the Universe due to the strong concentration of matter on scales of 100-500 kpc. This is especially true for X-ray selected clusters which are preferentially centrally concentrated. We have catalogued the 200 most X-ray luminous clusters between 0.2 < z < 0.6. and we have HST, Chandra, JVLA and Herschel data for the large majority. We have an on-going VLT MUSE survey that has observations of over 120 of these clusters to identify the brightest lensed sources as well as spectral information on cluster members. These data place constraints on the nature of the background, lensed galaxies and thus the Dark Matter distribution in the clusters themselves and provide a rich legacy of targets for follow-up with the VLT, ALMA and JWST. In particular, these observations identify the systems with the brightest lines that are vital for successful AO-assisted follow-up which will sub-divide light into many more spatial elements. This project focuses on the brightest lensed sources that constrain the gravitational mass of the clusters and also the properties of the lensed galaxy. Through the unprecedented statistics our MUSE survey provides, we will address a wide range of astrophysics questions with both the sample of several hundred lensed sources and the handful of most highly amplified systems that can be followed-up with other telescopes.