The post-covid gendered division of care-Exploring the changing nature of fatherhood as a result of the coronavirus: A cross-country comparison

后疫情时期的性别护理分工——探索冠状病毒导致的父亲性质的变化：跨国比较

• 批准号: 2575746
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Bristol
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2575746
• 关键词: post; covid; gendered; division; care

In recent decades academic interest in fatherhood has increased. This has largely arisen out of social changes. Traditional fatherhood is closely associated with the traditional gendered division of labour-men as breadwinners and women primary caregivers (Edwards et al., 2009; McGill, 2014; Williams, 2008). However, more recently gender roles have become less defined and norms and expectations of a 'good' father have shifted. A 'good' father is now seen as physically and emotionally involved in their children's lives (Dermott and Miller, 2015; McGill, 2014; Williams, 2008).There is evidence of this more involved father. Over recent decades, fathers have spent more time with their children, particularly in dual-income households (Bianchi et al., 2006; O'Brien and Shemilt, 2003). Similarly, qualitative studies on fathering, such as Dermott's 2003 study, have found fathers see emotional openness and an intimate relationship with their children as integral to being a good father. The Covid-19 pandemic, and the unprecedented changes it bought to work and family life, is likely to impact on this changing role of fathers (Alon et al., 2020; Dugarova, 2020; Hipp and Bunning, 2020). It left many parents with additional childcare burdens, having fundamental implications on the gendered division of care. Initial findings suggest it has heightened unequal gendered division of labour. Mothers have shouldered the bulk of new childcare responsibilities and have been much more likely to have their employment status affected as a result (Andrew et al., 2020; Chung et al., 2020; Collins et al., 2020; Ipsos MORI, 2020). Nevertheless, strong evidence suggests father's childcare involvement has also significantly increased (Andrew et al., 2020; Chung et al., 2020; Craig and Churchill, 2020; Kreyenfeld and Zinn, 2020; Sevillia and Smith, 2020). Sevilla and Smith (2020) found, compared to 2015, UK fathers have taken on 19.4 hours more weekly childcare. Although mothers saw a greater increase, the allocation of additional childcare hours was more equally distributed.Fathers' increased childcare participation will potentially positively impact their long-term childcare involvement. Evidence from father's use of parental leave has shown, even small increases in father's time at home can have long-lasting effects on their childcare involvement (Haas and Hwang, 2008; Huerta et al., 2017; O'Brein and Wall, 2017; Tanaka and Waldfogel 2007). Lockdown has been a greater shock to family life than parental leave reforms and thus has clear potential to transform the gendered division of care. Attitudes are already changing, with fathers expressing a wish to reduce hours and work more flexibly to spend more time with their children (Chung et al., 2020). There is also increased understanding that employers need to make it easier for men to combine work and childcare (Ipsos MORI, 2020). We wait to see whether these changes will be sustained.This study will build on wider literature on fathers changing roles and will aim to determine whether, as previous studies have been unable to, the coronavirus and the consequent changes to work and family life have had long-lasting effects on the gendered division of care. It will also look to ascertain the implications that the coronavirus and fathers' changing roles may have on work and family policy. Research Questionsi. What have been the long-term implications of the coronavirus on fatherhood in Anglo-Saxon countries? ii. What are the family policy implications of the coronavirus and the changes that it has bought to father's roles?

近几十年来，学术界对父亲身份的兴趣有所增加。这在很大程度上是由社会变革引起的。传统的父亲身份与传统的性别分工密切相关----男子养家糊口，妇女主要照顾家庭（Edwards等人，2009;麦吉尔，2014;威廉姆斯，2008）。然而，最近，性别角色变得不那么明确，对“好”父亲的规范和期望也发生了变化。一个“好”父亲现在被认为是在身体和情感上参与孩子的生活（Dermott和米勒，2015;麦吉尔，2014;威廉姆斯，2008）。近几十年来，父亲花更多的时间与孩子在一起，特别是在双收入家庭中（比安奇等人，2006年;奥布莱恩和Shemilt，2003年）。同样，关于父亲的定性研究，如德莫特2003年的研究，发现父亲认为情感开放和与孩子的亲密关系是成为一个好父亲的组成部分。新冠肺炎疫情及其给工作和家庭生活带来的前所未有的变化，可能会影响父亲角色的变化（Alon et al.，2020; Dugarova，2020; Hipp和Bunning，2020）。这给许多父母带来了额外的育儿负担，对按性别划分的育儿责任产生了根本性影响。初步调查结果表明，这加剧了不平等的性别分工。母亲承担了大部分新的育儿责任，因此她们的就业状况更有可能受到影响（Andrew等人，2020; Chung等人，2020;柯林斯等人，2020; Ipsos MORI，2020）。然而，强有力的证据表明，父亲的育儿参与也显着增加（安德鲁等人，2020; Chung等人，2020;克雷格和丘吉尔，2020; Kreyenfeld和Zinn，2020; Sevillia和Smith，2020）。Sevilla和Smith（2020）发现，与2015年相比，英国父亲每周多花19.4小时照顾孩子。虽然母亲的增加幅度更大，但额外育儿时间的分配更加平均，父亲更多地参与育儿将对他们长期参与育儿产生潜在的积极影响。来自父亲使用育儿假的证据表明，即使父亲在家的时间略有增加，也会对其育儿参与产生长期影响（哈斯和Hwang，2008年; Huerta等人，2017; O'Brein and Wall，2017; Tanaka and Waldfogel 2007）。封锁对家庭生活的冲击比育儿假改革更大，因此有可能改变照顾的性别分工。人们的态度已经发生了变化，父亲们表示希望减少工作时间，更灵活地工作，以便有更多的时间与孩子在一起（Chung等人，2020年）。人们也越来越认识到，雇主需要让男性更容易将联合收割机工作和育儿结合起来（Ipsos MORI，2020年）。我们拭目以待，看看这些变化是否会持续下去。这项研究将建立在更广泛的关于父亲角色转变的文献基础上，旨在确定冠状病毒以及随之而来的工作和家庭生活的变化是否对照顾的性别分工产生了长期影响，这是以前的研究无法做到的。它还将寻求确定冠状病毒和父亲角色变化可能对工作和家庭政策产生的影响。研究报告。在盎格鲁-撒克逊国家，冠状病毒对父亲的长期影响是什么？二.新型冠状病毒对家庭政策的影响以及它对父亲角色的改变是什么？