How does female-specific selection affect male fertility?

了解男性和女性的健康如何进化，需要了解它们是如何联系在一起的。雄性和雌性的大部分基因组是相同的，所以对一种性别的选择很可能对另一种性别产生影响。如果选择作用于具有共同发育/遗传基础的性二态性状（例如性腺功能），则这些结果可能在基因型和表型水平上都是实质性的（Rogers et al. 2020）。在鸟类中，产蛋的选择导致了输卵管的巨大变化。男性和女性的性腺来自同一组织，因此睾丸中的相关反应很可能是存在的。Pick等人（2017）最近证明，雌性生殖投资的人工选择会影响雄性的生殖成功。目前尚不清楚性别特异性选择是否会影响射精特征（如精子功能），或者这与睾丸形态有何联系。

Understanding how male and female fitness evolve requires anunderstanding of how they are linked. Males and females sharemost of their genome, so selection on one sex is likely to haveconsequences for the other. If selection acts upon sexuallydimorphic traits with a shared developmental/genetic basis (e.g.gonadal function), these consequences may be substantial bothat the genotypic and phenotypic level (Rogers et al. 2020).In birds, selection for egg production induces large changes tothe oviduct. Male and female gonads differentiate from thesame tissue, so correlated responses in the testes are likely.Pick et al. (2017) recently demonstrated that artificial selectionfor female reproductive investment affects reproductive successin males . It is not yet known whether sex-specific selectioninfluences ejaculate traits (e.g. sperm function), or how this islinked to testis morphology.