3Ds of Dark Patterns

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The term "Dark Pattern" was first coined by a user experience designer Harry Brignull in 2010. The dark pattern is a type of user interface which is especially crafted by UI/UX designers to trick online users to do unintended actions. There are different categories of dark patterns, for example, bait-and-switch: when a user falls for false prices and ends up buying products with higher prices; roach motel: when a user can easily get into certain services, but it is extremely difficult to get out, such as, account deletion or subscription cancellation; confirmshaming: making user guilty about opting for something. These different categories of dark patterns are used on various websites for different purposes.Harry Brignull identified the dark patterns more than a decade ago. However, they are still prevalent these days and an open research challenge yet to be solved. Several key questions remain unanswered: what are the distinguishing characteristics of dark patterns, i.e., what makes a dark pattern "dark". Thus, it is essential to extract such characteristics which would define, differentiate, and detect the dark patterns effectively. The focus of this research, the 3Ds of Dark Patterns.