'From Egocentrism to Ecocentrism: 4E Cognition and the Ecological Mind in Contemporary World Fiction'

《从自我中心主义到生态中心主义：当代世界小说中的4E认知与生态思维》

• 批准号: 2605785
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Leeds
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2605785
• 关键词: Egocentrism; Ecocentrism; 4E; Cognition; Ecological

In her 2016 book Staying with the Trouble, the philosopher Donna Haraway claims that the Western philosophy of 'bounded individualism' is both scientifically and figuratively 'unthinkable' in our current era of ecological devastation. In a similar vein, philosophers of science such as Scott F. Gilbert and Helen E. Longino have identified the need for a cultural conception of a 'symbiotic' and 'interactive' view of life in light of the 'microbial turn' in biological science: instead of an individual unit, the model of the human body is now thought to be more like a multi-species consortium. This shift towards a more ecologically-embedded model of the human body has parallels in contemporary cognitive studies: the field of '4E cognition' considers the thinking self through the interactions of an embodied agent-environment system, in contrast to traditional cognitivism's internal, brain-bound representations of cognition. In the present context of rapid ecological degradation and climate change, the stakes for how humans cognitively and culturally understand and interact with their environments are high. The anthropologist Phillippe Descola has challenged the universalism of the modern West's naturalistic 'sense of nature', and explored how the diverse, non-dualistic ontologies of non-Western cultures might enable us in the West to see beyond a nature and culture dichotomy. While these proponents in the fields of anthropology, biology, philosophy and cognitive studies show an ecological shift in their investigations and understandings of human-nature relations, my thesis will investigate the ways in which contemporary literary studies can explore, examine and extend our understanding of what an 'ecological' worldview means.

哲学家唐娜·哈拉维 (Donna Haraway) 在她 2016 年出版的《与麻烦同在》一书中声称，在我们当前生态破坏的时代，西方“有限个人主义”哲学无论从科学角度还是比喻意义上都是“不可想象的”。同样，斯科特·F·吉尔伯特（Scott F. Gilbert）和海伦·E·朗吉诺（Helen E. Longino）等科学哲学家根据生物科学的“微生物转向”，认识到需要一种“共生”和“互动”生命观的文化概念：人体模型现在被认为更像是一个多物种联合体，而不是一个单独的单位。这种向更加生态嵌入的人体模型的转变与当代认知研究有相似之处：“4E认知”领域通过具体的主体-环境系统的相互作用来考虑思考自我，这与传统认知主义内部的、受大脑束缚的认知表征形成鲜明对比。在当前生态迅速退化和气候变化的背景下，人类如何在认知和文化上理解环境并与其环境互动的风险很高。人类学家菲利普·德斯科拉挑战了现代西方自然主义“自然感”的普遍性，并探讨了非西方文化的多样化、非二元本体论如何使我们西方人超越自然与文化的二分法。虽然这些人类学、生物学、哲学和认知研究领域的支持者在对人与自然关系的调查和理解中表现出生态转变，但我的论文将探讨当代文学研究如何探索、检验和扩展我们对“生态”世界观含义的理解。