"We must carry on": The Jewish Relief Unit, Displaced Persons and Anglo-Jewish Humanitarianism in Postwar Europe.

该项目将调查和创造犹太人救济单位（JRU）的不可或缺的作用更深入的了解-一个小但显着的英国救济组织，帮助犹太人幸存者的大屠杀在战后欧洲-以及它从根本上塑造了流离失所者（DP）的经验和未来的方式。通过将JRU作为了解战后世界的窗口，该项目将更细致地了解救济工作者和灾民对更广泛的战后发展的贡献，并考虑这些群体对彼此的互惠，长期影响。该项目将有助于进一步了解难民研究，盎格鲁-犹太人道主义和英国对大屠杀的反应。它解决了目前学术界的两个重大缺陷：历史上将DP和救济工作者的声音排除在更广泛的历史之外，更具体地说，JRU几乎完全被忽视。它以四个研究问题为指导。第一个问题将利用思想史的方法来关注JRU雇用的人员，询问阶级，国籍，政治信仰和性别等因素如何塑造这些救援人员的经验和方法。对许多流离失所者来说，救济工作人员是一个非常不稳定时期的稳定支柱。作为DP与外部世界的主要联系，JRU人员对与他们互动的人的发展和感知方式施加了真实的影响。因此，对JRU人员的彻底检查将使我们进一步了解，不仅是如何促进救济，而且是由谁促进的，以及为什么。这个最初的重点将告知该项目的第二个研究问题，这将借鉴JRU的个人档案，幸存者的证词，和回忆录，问什么有形的，长期的影响的方法和意识形态的JRU和它的实地工作人员对流离失所者和他们的身份重建。该项目的第三个指导性研究问题将更广泛地考虑该机构，利用其组织和行政记录来询问该组织作为一个整体如何为战后景观的发展做出贡献。通过实地一些关键人物的视角探讨这一问题，该项目将突出当代发展的多面性（如以色列的建立），加强流离失所者和救援人员的参与，并将这些群体作为雄心勃勃的贡献者重新纳入历史叙事。这将挑战将流离失所者视为一个同质和依赖性群体的过时趋势，他们是周围局势的产物-这一趋势继续错误地影响目前关于难民的讨论。最后，第四个研究问题将考虑JRU如何更普遍地适应战后人道主义的环境。它询问了JRU如何从其他组织中汲取方法，以及该组织及其活动如何在当时的人道主义领域取得更广泛的发展。特别是，它将集中在JRU的不同之处，并开辟了自己的道路。为了解决这些问题，该项目将采用综合方法，结合思想，社会和文化历史的方法。借鉴思想史，它不仅将追踪通知和指导机构及其人员的思想，而且将这些思想置于更广泛的战后环境和盎格鲁-犹太人道主义的发展中。从这一点出发，它将借鉴社会和文化历史来分析这些思想如何在JRU的活动中表现出来，以及它们强大的长期影响。特别是，它将使用社会网络分析的框架，探讨JRU的方法对残疾人的身份重建的显着影响。

This project will investigate and create a deeper understanding of the indispensable role of the Jewish Relief Unit (JRU) - a small but remarkable British relief organisation that helped Jewish survivors of the Holocaust in postwar Europe - and the ways in which it fundamentally shaped the experience and future of Displaced Persons (DPs). By using the JRU as a window into the postwar world, this project will create a more nuanced understanding of the contribution of relief workers and DPs to the wider postwar developments and consider the reciprocal, long-lasting impact that these groups had on each other. This project will contribute to furthering understanding of refugee studies, Anglo-Jewish humanitarianism and British responses to the Holocaust. It addresses two significant lacunae in the current scholarship: the historic exclusion of DPs and relief workers' voices from the wider histories of the period, and, more specifically, the near-total neglect of the JRU. It is guided by four research questions. The first question will utilise the methodology of intellectual history to focus on the personnel employed by the JRU, asking how factors such as class, nationality, political beliefs, and gender shaped the experience and approach of these relief workers. For many DPs, relief workers represented a pillar of stability in a period of great uncertainty. As DPs' primary connection to the outside world, the JRU personnel exerted a real influence on the ways that those they interacted with developed and were perceived. Thus, a thorough examination of the JRU personnel will further our understanding of not just how relief was facilitated but by whom, and why. This initial focus will inform the project's second research question, which will draw on the JRU's personnel files, survivor testimony, and memoirs to ask what the tangible, long-term impact of the methods and ideology of the JRU and its field workers was on DPs and their identity reconstruction. The project's third guiding research question will consider the institution more broadly, utilising its organisational and administrative records to ask how the organisation as a whole contributed to the developments of the postwar landscape. By approaching this question through the eyes of some of the key people on the ground, this project will highlight the multi-faceted nature of contemporary developments (such as the creation of Israel), reinforce the engagement of both DPs and relief workers, and reinstate these groups into the historic narrative as ambitious contributors in their own right. This will challenge the outdated trend of presenting DPs as a homogenous and dependent group who were products of the situation around them - a trend which continues to falsely inform discourse about refugees in the present. Finally, the fourth research question will consider how the JRU fits in to the environment of postwar humanitarianism more generally. It asks how the JRU drew its approach from other organisations and how the organisation and its activities exemplify wider developments in the field of humanitarianism at that time. In particular, it will focus on the ways in which the JRU differed and carved its own path. To undertake these questions, this project will utilise an integrated approach, combining the methodologies of intellectual, social and cultural history. Drawing on intellectual history, it will not only trace the ideas which informed and guided the institution and its personnel, but contextualise these ideas in the wider postwar environment and the development of Anglo-Jewish humanitarianism. Leading on from this, it will draw on social and cultural history to analyse how these ideas manifested in the JRU's activities, and their powerful, long-term impact. In particular, it will use a framework of social network analysis to explore the significant effect of the JRU's approach on DPs' identity reconstruction.