The effect of guided play on linguistic skills: from the psycholinguistics laboratory to the classroom

语篇中交换的大部分信息都是不言而喻的，语言学普遍认为，说话者和听话者倾向于采用相互假定的、面向社会的策略来解释未说出的信息(例如，Grice，1975；Sperber&Wilson，1986；Frank&Goodman，2012)。虽然成年人表现出对这些策略的熟练掌握，但尚不清楚儿童是否能推断成人所做的所有未说含义，如果是的话，他们是否使用相同的策略来提取和解释未说出的含义；虽然前者对发展心理学理论很重要，但后者对语言学理论产生了影响，语言理论必须解释儿童和成年人使用的解释策略。我建议的研究将集中在一种未说出的推理--数量含义上，这是一种研究得很好的现象，它依赖于听者对未说出的东西的恢复(参见下文(1)和威尔逊和卡索斯(2020年))。我将求助于理论上已经发展起来的“薄”沟通模型，这些模型已经被开发来解释患有神经发育障碍的人的沟通能力，比如自闭症(AndréS Roqueta&Katsos，201,2020年；Kissine，2016年)，但还没有被用来解释神经典型的儿童能力。在方法论上，我将使用受控心理语言学实验来测试这些模型的预测，使用的是年幼的神经质儿童。方法的创新将是使用基于游戏的指导范式来揭示儿童推理技能的纯粹能力。这是该学科中的一种新方法，也是一种有前途的替代现有范式(例如，Wilson&Katsos，2020)的方法，这些范式被批评为缺乏动机或从儿童的角度来看缺乏相关性

Much of the information exchanged in discourse is unsaid, and it is widely assumed in linguistics thatspeakers and listeners appeal to mutually assumed, socially oriented strategies to interpret theunspoken (e.g., Grice, 1975; Sperber & Wilson, 1986; Frank & Goodman, 2012). While adults showa robust command of such strategies, it is unclear whether children infer the whole range of unsaidmeanings that adults do, and if so, whether they use the same strategies to retrieve and interpret theunsaid; while the former is important for theories of developmental psychology, the latter hasramifications for linguistic theories that must account for the interpretative strategies that children andadults use. My proposed investigation will focus on one type of unsaid inference, quantityimplicature, a well-studied phenomenon that relies on the listener's recovery of the unsaid (see (1)below and Wilson & Katsos (2020) for an overview).I will appeal to theoretically-'thin' models of communication that have been developed to explain thecommunicative competence of people with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism (Andrés Roqueta & Katsos, 201, 2020; Kissine, 2016) but have not yet been employed to explain neurotypicalchild competence. Methodologically, I will use controlled psycholinguistic experimentation to test thepredictions of these models using young neurotypical children. A methodological innovation will beto use guided play-based paradigms to reveal the unadulterated capacity of a child's inferential skills.This is a novel approach in the discipline and is a promising alternative to existing paradigms (e.g.Wilson & Katsos, 2020) that have been criticised for lacking motivation or relevance from the child'sperspective