The effect of guided play on linguistic skills: from the psycholinguistics laboratory to the classroom

话语中交换的大部分信息都是未说出口的，语言学中普遍认为，说话者和听者会采用相互假设的、面向社会的策略来解释未说出口的信息（例如，Grice, 1975; Sperber & Wilson, 1986; Frank & Goodman, 2012）。虽然成年人对这些策略有很强的掌握能力，但目前尚不清楚儿童是否能像成年人那样推断出所有未说出口的意思，如果是这样，他们是否会使用同样的策略来检索和解释未说出口的意思；前者对发展心理学理论很重要，后者对语言理论有影响，必须解释儿童和成人使用的解释策略。我提议的调查将集中在一种未说出来的推断上，即量化暗示，这是一种研究得很好的现象，它依赖于听者对未说出来的内容的恢复（见下文第1条和Wilson & Katsos（2020）的概述）。我将求助于理论上的“单单式”沟通模型，这些模型已经被开发出来，用于解释自闭症等神经发育障碍患者的沟通能力（andr<s:1> Roqueta & Katsos, 2011,2020; kissin, 2016），但尚未被用于解释神经典型儿童的能力。在方法上，我将使用控制心理语言学实验来测试这些模型的预测，使用年轻的神经正常的儿童。方法上的创新将是使用指导的基于游戏的范式来揭示儿童推理技能的纯粹能力。这是该学科的一种新方法，是现有范式（例如wilson & Katsos， 2020）的一种有希望的替代方案，从儿童的角度来看，这些范式因缺乏动机或相关性而受到批评

Much of the information exchanged in discourse is unsaid, and it is widely assumed in linguistics thatspeakers and listeners appeal to mutually assumed, socially oriented strategies to interpret theunspoken (e.g., Grice, 1975; Sperber & Wilson, 1986; Frank & Goodman, 2012). While adults showa robust command of such strategies, it is unclear whether children infer the whole range of unsaidmeanings that adults do, and if so, whether they use the same strategies to retrieve and interpret theunsaid; while the former is important for theories of developmental psychology, the latter hasramifications for linguistic theories that must account for the interpretative strategies that children andadults use. My proposed investigation will focus on one type of unsaid inference, quantityimplicature, a well-studied phenomenon that relies on the listener's recovery of the unsaid (see (1)below and Wilson & Katsos (2020) for an overview).I will appeal to theoretically-'thin' models of communication that have been developed to explain thecommunicative competence of people with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism (Andrés Roqueta & Katsos, 201, 2020; Kissine, 2016) but have not yet been employed to explain neurotypicalchild competence. Methodologically, I will use controlled psycholinguistic experimentation to test thepredictions of these models using young neurotypical children. A methodological innovation will beto use guided play-based paradigms to reveal the unadulterated capacity of a child's inferential skills.This is a novel approach in the discipline and is a promising alternative to existing paradigms (e.g.Wilson & Katsos, 2020) that have been criticised for lacking motivation or relevance from the child'sperspective