Astrophysics and cosmology from the epoch of reionization with SKA and REACH

天体物理学最后的前沿之一是宇宙的第一个十亿年，那时第一个星系和黑洞的形成产生了第一颗恒星的光，导致了宇宙的黎明。在射电中观察到的21厘米中性氢线有望首次为这一时期（z=6-27）打开一扇窗。像LOFAR、HERA和SKA这样的干涉仪将绘制21厘米信号的波动图，而像EDGES和REACH这样的单偶极子实验希望探测到全天空的全球信号。这些新的实验有望为天体物理学和宇宙学提供新的见解，并且已经开始提供有趣的数据。该学生将参与为SKA观测做准备的合作，并思考对REACH的分析，为21cm实验开发新的统计和建模技术。博士将探索分析全球信号数据的新方法，以约束低阶多极子，如偶极子，以验证大尺度上的检测和约束各向同性。博士还将探索用于干涉观测的21cm信号的建模以及需要包含的新物理。

One of the last frontiers of astrophysics is the first billion years of the Universe, when the formation of the first galaxies and black holes produced the first star light leading to a Cosmic Dawn. Observations of the 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen in the radio promises to open a window onto this period (z=6-27) for the first time. Interferometers like LOFAR, HERA, and SKA will map fluctuations in the 21cm signal, while single dipole experiments like EDGES and REACH hope to detect the all sky global signal. These new experiments are expected to provide new insights into astrophysics and cosmology and are already starting to provide interesting data. The student will be part of a collaboration preparing for SKA observations and thinking about the analysis of REACH to develop new statistical and modelling techniques for 21cm experiments. The PhD will explore new methods for analysing global signal data to constrain low order multipoles, such as the dipole, to validate detection and constrain isotropy on large scales. The PhD will also explore modelling of the the 21cm signal for interferometric observations and new physics that needs to be included.