What controls where life can form and evolve in the Universe?

目前的行星形成模式是基于孤立的系统；附近的恒星被认为对行星的形成和演化几乎没有影响。然而，去年发现外部恒星环境对行星系统的形成和演化有重大影响(温特等人，2020，《自然》，586,528)。温特等人。S的发现对行星演化模型和我们可能期望在宇宙中找到生命的地方有根本的影响。这个博士项目旨在量化环境对行星形成和演化的影响。论文主要研究了少数恒星和行星的性质(主要是质量和轨道周期)，因此还没有用这种方法来探索一个巨大的参数空间。这篇论文将首先调查其他关键参数，如恒星质量，如何影响行星的形成作为环境的函数。下一步将是分析ALMA和JWST对极端环境中的原恒星和原行星系统的现有观测，以量化出生环境如何影响恒星拥有宜居行星的潜力。最后，本文将探讨恒星群对行星演化模型的影响。通过将恒星种群添加到恒星和行星形成的计算模拟中，目标将是确定外部环境对行星结构的影响。

The current paradigm of planet formation has been based on isolated systems; nearby stars were thought to have little impact on planet formation and evolution. However, last year it was discovered that external stellar environments have a significant impact on the formation and evolution of planetary systems (Winter et al., 2020, Nature, 586, 528). Winter et al.'s findings have fundamental implications on planetary evolution models and where we may expect to find life in the Universe. This PhD project aims to quantify the effect of environment on planet formation and evolution.The Winter et al. paper focused on a small number of star and planet properties (mainly mass and orbital period), so a huge parameter space is yet to be explored with this method. The thesis will begin by investigating how other key parameters, such as stellar mass, affect planet formation as a function of environment. The next step will be to analyse in-hand ALMA and JWST observations of proto-stellar and proto-planetary systems in extreme environments to quantify how the birth environment affects a star's potential to host habitable planets. Finally, the thesis will explore the effect of stellar populations on planetary evolution models. By adding stellar populations to computational simulations of star and planet formation, the goal will be to determine the implications of external environment on planetary architecture.