State-of-the-art constraints on black hole growth

黑洞成长的机制仍然未知，也是研究的热点。尽管经过了50多年的调查，我们只发现了银河系中不断增长的黑洞预期数量的一小部分。即使对于已知的黑洞，我们也不了解它们极端环境的物理学：它们是如何产生极端亮度(在它们的“吸积盘”中)并发射超快的相对论等离子体流(“反馈”)的。在银河系之外，大多数超大质量黑洞的增长仍然被遮蔽和隐藏在人们的视线之外，调查严重不完整。在这个博士学位中，学生将利用最先进的多波长观测从前线设施进行全面的新的黑洞研究。学生将学习(1)数据数据分析和科学推理的编码，包括超级计算机模拟；(2)世界领先的天文设施的使用；(3)批判性思维、陈述和出版技能。将有机会发展全球合作，特别是在美国、印度、智利、日本和欧洲。

The mechanisms of the growth of black holes remain unknown and are a topic of hot research. Despite more than 50 years of investigations, we have discovered only a small fraction of the expected population of growing black holes in the Milky Way. Even for the black holes that are known, we do not understand the physics of their extreme environments: how they produce extreme luminosities (in their 'accretion discs') and launch superfast relativistic streams of plasmas ('feedback'). Beyond the Milky Way, most supermassive black hole growth remains obscured and hidden from view, with surveys being severely incomplete. In this PhD, the student will exploit state-of-the-art multiwavelength observations from frontline facilities to carry out comprehensive novel studies of black holes. The student will learn (1) coding for data data analysis and scientific inference, including supercomputer simulations; (2) use of world-leading astronomical facilities; (3) critical thinking, presentation, and publication skills. There will be opportunities to develop worldwide collaborations, especially in USA, India, Chile, Japan and Europe.