Race, Space, and Working-Class Community in North West England, 1968-1993.

我的博士论文将分析英格兰西北部工人阶级日常生活中种族、阶级和空间的交集，扩展我对20世纪50年代和60年代的硕士研究。这篇论文将调查五个空间--街道、住宅、工作场所、学校和休闲场所--在1968年伊诺克·鲍威尔的《血河》演讲和1993年斯蒂芬·劳伦斯被谋杀之间，是如何在战后的英格兰被种族主义的。这一时间框架将延续1948-68年间人们熟悉的重点，以描绘英国黑人身份在三个背景下的发展：20世纪70年代和80年代的“道德恐慌”，多元文化主义的兴起，以及胡尔梅等地区的城市重建项目。论文将主要关注曼彻斯特，但也将更广泛地探索英格兰西北部。该地区受到学者的关注不如伦敦和中部地区的“种族关系之都”(Connell)。我的论文不仅会将之前的研究扩展到未被探索的地区，还会将注意力从激进的激进主义转移到日常生活的微观政治上。我的研究将扩展沃特斯和康奈尔等历史学家最近的学术研究，通过分析为阻挠和禁止此类主张而部署的策略，寻求恢复黑人机构对特定地点的主张。我将在这门学科中运用对黑人的广泛定义，探索非洲、加勒比海和亚洲传统社区，承认‘黑人-英国人’身份的多元性。论文将把空间作为其中心分析工具，以使社区的静态叙述复杂化，并突出不同地点种族观念的矛盾心理。我将探讨种族关系的三个关键但尚未被探索的方面。首先，个人和集体的身份是如何在特定的空间中形成的？其次，对种族差异和熟悉的集体理解如何影响归属感？最后，在不同的空间里，归属的边界是如何被监管的？我将采纳多琳·梅西的定义，该定义强调空间的多维性和流动性，个人和社区竞相维护自己的权威。

My doctoral thesis will analyse the intersection of race, class, and space in the everyday life of the working classes in North West England, extending my MA research on the 1950s and 60s. The thesis will investigate how five spaces - the street, home, workplace, school, and leisure sites - were racialised in post-war England between Enoch Powell's 'Rivers of Blood' speech in 1968 and the murder of Stephen Lawrence in 1993. This time-frame will extend the familiar emphasis on the period from 1948-68 to chart the development of a Black-British identity in three contexts: the 'moral panics' of the 1970s and 80s, the rise of multiculturalism, and urban regeneration projects in areas such as Hulme.The thesis will primarily focus on Manchester, but will also explore North West England more broadly. The region has received less attention from scholars than the 'race relations capitals' (Connell) of London and the Midlands. My thesis will not only extend previous research into underexplored locations, but also shift attention from radical activism to the micropolitics of everyday life. My research will extend recent scholarship by historians such as Waters and Connell which seeks to recover black agency in staking claims to specific locales, by also analysing the strategies deployed to obstruct and prohibit such claims. I will deploy the expansive definition of 'blackness' in this scholarship and explore communities of African, Caribbean, and Asian heritage, acknowledging the pluralities of a 'Black-British' identity.The thesis will deploy space as its central analytic tool in order to complicate static narratives of community and highlight the ambivalence of ideas of race across different sites. I will explore three key, yet underexplored, dimensions of race relations. First, how were individual and collective identities formed in specific spaces? Secondly, how did collective understandings of difference and familiarity in regard to race influence notions of belonging? Finally, how were the boundaries of belonging policed in different spaces? I will adopt Doreen Massey's definition which stresses the multidimensionality and fluidity of space, with individuals and communities competing to assert their authority.