Neuroimaging of analogical reasoning

类比推理的神经影像学

• 批准号: 7089952
• 负责人: Keith J Holyoak
• 金额: $ 6.35万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-07-01 至 2008-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7089952
• 关键词: behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cognition; comprehension; computer program /software; evoked potentials; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; neural information processing; neuroimaging; prefrontal lobe /cortex; problem solving

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Humans exhibit the ability to use analogy to make inferences about novel situations across a wide range of domains. Although analogical reasoning is an important aspect of human cognition, it has not received a great deal of attention from cognitive neuroscientists. In this project we will investigate the component processes in reasoning and their neural substrates using functional neuroimaging. Prior theoretical and empirical work has identified 2 critical processes in understanding analogies; the ability to integrate multiple relations and the inhibition of salient distracting information. In 3 proposed experiments, these factors will be systematically manipulated across analogy problems. In each experiment, participants will solve these problems during fMRI scanning using an event-related design. This approach will allow us to identify the neural substrates of these different processes that contribute to analogical reasoning. The 3 proposed studies use different domains in order to determine whether there are general mechanisms of analogical reasoning. Although prior research has demonstrated that prefrontal cortex is important for reasoning abilities, including analogy, the proposed research will shed light on the distinct cognitive processes that contribute to analogical reasoning, and how they are organized in the human brain.

描述（由申请人提供）：人类表现出使用类比来推断广泛领域的新情况的能力。尽管类比推理是人类认知的一个重要方面，但它并没有受到认知神经科学家的广泛关注。在这个项目中，我们将使用功能神经影像研究推理的组成过程及其神经基质。先前的理论和实证工作已经确定了理解类比的两个关键过程；整合多种关系的能力和抑制显着干扰信息的能力。在 3 个拟议的实验中，这些因素将在类比问题中系统地操纵。在每个实验中，参与者将使用与事件相关的设计在功能磁共振成像扫描期间解决这些问题。这种方法将使我们能够识别这些有助于类比推理的不同过程的神经基础。这三项拟议的研究使用不同的领域来确定是否存在类比推理的一般机制。尽管先前的研究已经证明前额叶皮层对于推理能力（包括类比）很重要，但拟议的研究将揭示有助于类比推理的独特认知过程，以及它们在人脑中的组织方式。