Neural Patterns of Visual Learning in Schizophrenia

描述（由申请人提供）：精神分裂症是一种具有多种症状表现的疾病，这些症状表现集中在三个领域：（1）现实扭曲（幻觉和妄想），（2）阴性症状（精神发育迟滞）和（3）混乱（思维障碍）。我们之前已经将独特的rCBF模式与阳性和阴性症状领域联系起来，支持不同症状亚型的rCBF差异的想法。除了症状外，精神分裂症患者在智力、记忆力、注意力和执行功能测试中表现出神经心理学表现不足。血氧水平依赖对比度（BOLD）分析使用功能磁共振成像，集中在精神分裂症亚型（特定症状组）的整合神经生物学的问题，带来了当代的研究技术，承担一个复杂的临床脑/行为障碍。我们将评估15名精神分裂症患者的主要持久的阴性症状（缺陷型精神分裂症或DS）和15名精神分裂症患者的主要幻觉和妄想（现实扭曲或RD）的视觉DMST与反馈的性能改善。我们预测，精神分裂症的志愿者将显示学习，但赤字组将无法提高多达RD组，因为赤字志愿者将无法使用反馈，以提高他们的学习。使用BOLD信号的变化，我们将定义在DS和RD志愿者在学习视觉DMST的神经活动模式。知觉训练后，RD的前扣带回血流动力学反应显著增加。DS志愿者在训练前后的顶叶下叶BOLD反应会显著降低。持久的原发性阴性症状也有望防止扣带皮层的反馈依赖性变化。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Schizophrenia is an illness with multiple symptom manifestations that cluster into at three domains: (1) reality distortion (hallucinations and delusions), (2) negative symptoms (psychomotor retardation), and (3) disorganization (thought disorder). We have previously associated distinctive rCBF patterns with positive and negative symptom domains, supporting the idea of rCBF differences across symptom subtypes. In addition to symptoms, persons with schizophrenia show inadequate neuropsychological performance when evaluated on test of intelligence, memory, attention, and executive function. Blood oxygen level dependent contrast (BOLD) analysis using fMRI, focused on questions of integrative neurobiology in schizophrenia subtypes (particular symptom groups), brings a contemporary research technique to bear on a complex clinical brain/behavior disorder. We will assess performance improvement on a visual DMST with feedback in 15 schizophrenic patients with primary enduring negative symptoms (Deficit Schizophrenia or DS) and 15 schizophrenic patients with predominant hallucinations and delusions (Reality Distortion or RD). We predict that schizophrenic volunteers will show learning but that the deficit group will fail to improve as much as the RD group because the deficit volunteers will not be able to use feedback to enhance their learning. Using BOLD signal changes we will define the neural activity patterns in DS and RD volunteers during learning of the visual DMST. The RD will exhibit a significant increase in the anterior cingulate hemodynamic response after perceptual training. DS volunteers will exhibit a significantly reduced BOLD response in the inferior parietal lobe before and after training. Enduring primary negative symptoms are also expected to prevent feedback-dependent changes in the cingulate cortex.