Ocean circulations and exoplanet climates (

自从1995年第一颗巨大的系外行星被发现以来，太阳系外行星的科学已经成熟，潜在的宜居类地行星一直被发现。海洋对行星气候有着主要的影响，因此了解它们的影响是建立类地系外行星模型的必要组成部分，以便了解未来的观测。海洋巨大的热容量导致其表面温度对恒星加热的变化反应缓慢。此外，海洋环流可以将大量热能从接受更多恒星辐射的温暖地区输送到接受较少恒星辐射的寒冷地区，行星气候的自洽建模需要使用耦合的大气-海洋全球环流模型，因为海洋和大气通过热量、动量和淡水的流动相互作用。虽然已经对行星的潜在大气层范围进行了一些研究，但迄今为止很少有对基本海洋特性（如潮汐或大陆边界的配置）的作用进行量化。在地球上，潮汐是混合的主要驱动力，迫使大规模的翻转环流和相关的海洋热传输。然而，地球在潮汐方面并不一定是一个典型的行星。如果潜在的可居住行星有海洋，那么海洋的属性和行为不能被假定为与地球相似。这个博士学位的目的是使用耦合的大气-海洋全球环流模式来研究基本海洋属性对行星气候的影响。您将研究潮汐混合和大陆边界对三种类型的宜居带轨道（G星，双星和M星）气候的影响，以确定海洋属性如何影响行星气候并影响未来观测的解释。您将加入UEA气象学，海洋学和气候的活跃研究小组。

The science of extrasolar planets has matured since the first giant exoplanets were discovered in 1995, with potentially habitable terrestrial planets being discovered all the time. Oceans have a dominant impact on planetary climate, so understanding their effects are a necessary part of modelling terrestrial exoplanets in order to understand future observations. The immense heat capacity of oceans causes their surface temperature to respond slowly to changes in stellar heating. Furthermore, the oceanic circulation can transport huge amounts of heat energy from warm regions that receive more stellar radiation to cold regions that receive less.Self-consistent modelling of planetary climates requires the use of coupled atmosphere-ocean global circulation models, since oceans and atmospheres interact significantly through fluxes of heat, momentum and freshwater. While some research has been conducted on the range of potential atmospheres of planets, little has so far been conducted on quantifying the role of fundamental oceanic properties such as tides or the configuration continental boundaries. On Earth, tides are a major driver of mixing that forces the large-scale overturning circulation and associated oceanic heat transport. However, Earth is not necessarily a typical planet in terms of its tides. If potentially habitable planets have oceans, then ocean properties and behaviour cannot be assumed to be Earth-like.The aim of this PhD is to investigate the effects of fundamental oceanic properties on planetary climate using a coupled atmosphere-ocean global circulation model. You will examine the effects of tidal mixing and continental boundaries on the climates of three types of habitable zone orbits (G-star, binary and M-star) to determine how the ocean properties can impact planetary climate and affect the interpretation of future observations. You will join an active research group at UEA in meteorology, oceanography and climate.