From road to sea: Exploring the biological effects of tyre particles in marine invertebrates. (Ref:4293)

从公路到海洋：探索轮胎颗粒对海洋无脊椎动物的生物效应。

• 批准号: 2698635
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2698635
• 关键词: road; sea; Exploring; biological; effects

Project Background:Tyre wear particles are anthropogenic particulates that stem from the abrasion of synthetic rubber tyres onroad surfaces. It is estimated that over 3.4 million tonnes of tyre wear particles are released globally eachyear. These particles can become airborne or enter highway drainage systems, often resulting in theirdeposition within the natural marine environment. Tyres contain high concentrations of labile additives,including zinc oxide, antioxidants and plasticizers, that have proven toxic in leachate studies, however therisk posed by tyre particulates themselves is less evident, nor is it clear whether "greener" iterations of tyresmay prove any less toxic to aquatic biota.Project Aims and Methods:In this PhD, you will undertake pioneering ecotoxicological research to explore the mechanisms underpinningtyre particle toxicity, with a view to identifying greener, safer-by-design options for tyres. The planned workaims to improve our predictions of the risks posed by tyre wear particles, with wider relevance forunderstanding the fundamental ways in which anthropogenic stressors affect organisms. The PhD willaddress the overarching research question of "What are the physico-chemical drivers of tyre particle toxicityand might alternative tyre compositions prove less toxic?". Across the project, you will work with thesupervisory team to co-develop ecotoxicological studies to evaluate the relative toxicity of different tyreparticles, including "greener" variants. Exposure studies will use representative, fully-characterised tyre wearparticles, in combination with ecologically important marine invertebrates, such as the pelagic copepodCalanus helgolandicus and the epibenthic mussel Mytilus edulis.You will consider the adverse risk of tyreparticles and tyre leachates on a range of biomarkers across the biological hierarchy (e.g. immune response, reproductive endpoints) to elucidate potential modes of action and adverse outcome pathways. Latterly, a targeted, chemical-by-chemical approach can be used to compare the toxicity of "high risk" additives with potential alternatives, paving the way for a lower risk chemical future for the tyre industry.

项目背景：轮胎磨损颗粒物是合成橡胶轮胎在路面上磨损产生的人为颗粒物。据估计，全球每年释放的轮胎磨损颗粒超过340万吨。这些颗粒可以通过空气传播或进入公路排水系统，通常导致它们在自然海洋环境中沉积。轮胎含有高浓度的不稳定添加剂，包括氧化锌、抗氧化剂和增塑剂，这些添加剂在沥滤物研究中已被证明是有毒的，但轮胎颗粒本身造成的风险不太明显，也不清楚“更环保”的轮胎是否能证明对水生生物群的毒性更小。在这个博士学位，你将进行开创性的生态毒理学研究，探索机制的基础轮胎颗粒毒性，以确定绿色，轮胎设计更安全的选择。计划中的工作旨在改善我们对轮胎磨损颗粒所构成风险的预测，并与理解人为压力影响生物体的基本方式具有更广泛的相关性。博士将解决首要的研究问题“什么是轮胎颗粒毒性的物理化学驱动因素，以及替代轮胎成分是否证明毒性较小？".在整个项目中，您将与生态毒理学团队合作，共同开发生态毒理学研究，以评估不同轮胎颗粒的相对毒性，包括“绿色”变体。暴露研究将使用具有代表性的、充分表征的轮胎磨损颗粒，并结合具有生态重要性的海洋无脊椎动物，如浮游桡足类哲水蚤（Calanus helgolandicus）和底栖贻贝贻贝（Mytilus edulis）。您将考虑轮胎颗粒和轮胎沥滤物对整个生物层次中的一系列生物标志物的不利风险（例如免疫反应、生殖终点），以阐明潜在的作用模式和不良结局途径。最近，可以采用有针对性的化学品逐一分析方法，比较“高风险”添加剂与潜在替代品的毒性，为轮胎行业未来的低风险化学品铺平道路。