Identifying factors affecting the distributions of large marine vertebrates in coastal areas to predict current and future distributions

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Marine megafauna tend to aggregate in coastal areas, with many environmental factors affecting them. The recent emergence of aerial drones provides novel opportunities to explore how such communities assemble, and identify environmental factors that regulate their distributions. Here, I will explore this question at the biodiversity hotspot of Cabo Verde (Atlantic Ocean). In Chapter 1, I will identify the environmental factors associated with the distributions of three key groups (elasmobranchs, sea turtles, cetaceans) at the island scale using aerial drone surveys and remote sensing. In chapter 2, I will test whether identified factors could be used to predict community assemblages in unsurveyed areas from mathematical models (geographic profiling, individual based models, niche distribution modelling), which I will then test empirically with aerial drone surveys. In Chapter 3, I will use models to construct management scenarios in silico, including dynamic management, based on the results of chapters 1 and 2, and how distributions might shift under climate change. Through combining empirical and theoretical approaches, my study is expected to provide new insights on the community dynamics of large marine vertebrates and potential directions towards sustainably managing coastal areas supporting high biodiversity under a changing climate.