Por Estas Calles de Interseccio'n: Representing Venezuela's Refugee Crisis (1999 to the Present)

委内瑞拉难民潮是世界上第二大难民危机（联合国难民署，2020年）。然而，关于这一主题的现有奖学金非常有限。此外，虽然存在的少数批评研究-Troconis（2021），Lo'pez（2021）和Carrenno（2013）-可以帮助建立散居政治话语的一些特征，但他们在很大程度上依赖于受过良好教育的流亡精英的艺术和文学作品以及他们对革命的敌对态度。因此，对委内瑞拉移民的研究未能认识到Cuprista现象发展到的复杂的文化和政治方面，以及移民中的交叉问题。此外，这些分析通常未能将委内瑞拉的经历与类似的难民危机--伊朗、叙利亚--以及围绕公民身份和归属感的全球问题联系起来。相比之下，这项研究将承认性别，社会和种族问题，并包括从美术和文学的规范空间外的代表，以揭示超越围绕革命的辩论跨国联系。此外，本论文将在更广泛的辩论中围绕移民代表和难民正义的委内瑞拉现象。委内瑞拉移民的代表性告诉我们拉丁美洲的政治和文化是什么？这些陈述可以揭示什么关于种族主义的态度在拉丁美洲和其他地区的移民？这个跨学科的项目，借鉴文学，美学和数字文化，将分析委内瑞拉移民的代表性，以确定散居的叙述，并揭示难民危机中的交叉问题。从大逃亡的背景化开始，然后对委内瑞拉流亡精英所产生的表现形式进行检查，这项研究将在以后分析卡米南特的形象，特别是卡米南特妇女，她们通常被描绘成戏剧性的。最后，这项研究将最终探索委内瑞拉数字文化中的酷儿主体性，与卡米南特女性对查韦斯的超男性化的表现中存在的二元动态形成对比。本论文将借鉴泰勒（2003）的工作，谁提供了跨学科的分析，在拉丁美洲的表演，情节剧和艺术的方法论见解，Mahieux（2011）对拉丁美洲的编年史体裁的工作，和Clifford（1994），Gilroy（1993）和Baubook & Faist（2010）的非本质主义方法流散研究。通过对社会、种族和性别假设的挑战，本文将为未来对委内瑞拉人口外流和其他移民危机的研究铺平一条广泛的、非还原的道路。同样，通过将委内瑞拉的经历与其他移民现象联系起来，它将挑战东方主义关于难民危机和寻求庇护者的假设。因此，这项研究将与任何对移徙研究、代表性和交叉问题感兴趣的人有关;无论是在拉丁美洲研究的范围内还是范围外。此外，这里提出的分析可以为委内瑞拉艺术和文学的策展产出以及移民社区背景下的社会参与项目提供信息;我有很强的专业联系和经验的领域。此外，由于英国很少有关于委内瑞拉的研究，因此该项目可以为英国更好地了解委内瑞拉的学术，政治和文化奠定基础。

The Venezuelan exodus is now the second largest refugee crisis in the world (UNHCR, 2020). Yet, the available scholarship on the topic is very limited. Further, while the few critical studies that do exist-Troconis (2021), Lo'pez (2021) and Carrenno (2013)-can help to establish some characteristics of the diasporic political discourse, they rely heavily in their corpus on art and literature produced by a well-educated exile elite and their antagonistic attitudes towards the Chavista revolution. Studies on the Venezuelan migration have therefore failed to recognise complex cultural and political aspects into which the Chavista phenomenon have grown, as well as intersectional issues within the migration. Moreover, such analyses have generally failed to connect the Venezuelan experience with similar refugee crises-Iran, Syria-and global questions around citizenship and belonging. In contrast, this study will acknowledge gender, social and racial issues and include representations from outwith the canonical spaces of fine art and literature to reveal transnational ties beyond the debate around the revolution. Also, this thesis will contextualise the Venezuelan phenomenon within broader debates around migrant representation and refugee justice. What do representations of the Venezuelan migration tell us about Latin American politics and culture? What can these representations reveal about racialised attitudes towards migrants in Latin America and beyond? This interdisciplinary project, drawing on literature, aesthetics and digital culture, will analyse representations of the Venezuelan migration to identify diasporic narratives and reveal intersectional issues within the refugee crisis. Starting with a contextualisation of the exodus and then an examination of the manifestations produced by the Venezuelan exile elite, this study will later analyse the image of the caminante, particularly caminante women, who are usually depicted in melodramatic terms. Finally, the study will culminate with an exploration of queer subjectivity in Venezuelan digital culture in contrast to the binary dynamics present in representations of caminante women against the hypermasculinity of Cha'vez. This thesis will draw on Taylor's (2003) work, who offers methodological insights into the interdisciplinary analysis of performance, melodrama and art in Latin America, Mahieux's (2011) work on the Latin American genre of chronicle, and Clifford (1994), Gilroy (1993), and Bauboock & Faist's (2010) non-essentialist approaches to diaspora studies. By challenging social, racial and gender assumptions, this thesis will pave a wide, non-reductive path for future studies on the Venezuelan exodus and other migration crises. Similarly, by connecting the Venezuelan experience to other migratory phenomena, it will challenge Orientalist assumptions around refugee crises and asylum seekers. This research will therefore be relevant to anyone interested in migration studies, representation and intersectional issues; both within and outside the context of Latin American studies. Further, the here- proposed analysis could inform curatorial outputs around Venezuelan art and literature, and social engagement projects in the context of migrant communities; areas where I have strong professional connections and experience. Moreover, since very few of the studies on Venezuela have been produced in the UK, this project could cement the basis for better academic, political and cultural understanding of Venezuela in the UK.