'The raven doth not hatch a lark': The alien and maternal bodies of William Shakespeare's non-English mothers.

我的研究将解决如何新兴的外国人，土地和文化的早期现代意识形态和母体相交，探索如何通过非英语母性的表征社会和身体差异对齐。我的工作将旨在汇集产妇和殖民主义研究的不同领域，在女性气质和身份的看法方面产生新的思维方式。这个项目将调查这些信念的意义，莎士比亚的戏剧作品和他的介绍外国母亲。因此，这个项目将对早期现代母性、殖民主义和莎士比亚研究这三个领域做出完全独特的贡献。在我博士学位的最初阶段，我完成了对学者关于其他文化分类的文献综述（Hodgen，1971; Deroux; 2010）和从一系列医学和戏剧角度的产妇研究（米勒和Yavneh，2000; Fissell，2004和Laoutaris，2008）。这使我能够确定在产妇和殖民主义研究的现有奖学金的明显差距。虽然学者们在旅行叙事中触及了女性身体（Hall，1996;瓦格纳，2019）或“其他”类型女性的发展（施瓦茨，2000; Wiedenbeck，2015），但尚未尝试对这些叙述中的非英语母性进行重点研究。我的工作将建立和扩展这个机构的奖学金，认为这是外国母体，提供了最大的挑战，以稳定的文化和性别认同的时期。为此，我的研究将涉及分析产妇文本，如尼古拉斯库尔佩珀的“助产士指南”（1662年）和约翰萨德勒的“生病的女人的私人Looking-Glasse”（1636年）。库尔佩珀的工作是必不可少的突出之间的比较杂交物种的出生帐户和其他文化的故事包含在旅行叙事。萨德勒的文本将分析与他的讨论女性身体的影响，热和异常，他建议将造成母亲生活在不同的气候。我将解释这些资料与勘探帐户，如利奥Africanus的“非洲地理史”（翻译1600年）和Mairtre d' Anghiera的“新印度或西印度的十年”（翻译1555年）。这些叙述是将外国母性女性视为过度性感和过度强大的叙述之一。这样的分析将应用在我后面的章节中，为评论界经常忽视的女性罗马人角色提供新的见解，包括《暴风雨》中的西科拉克斯、《泰特斯·安德洛尼克斯》中的塔莫拉以及《伯里克利》中的泰莎和玛丽娜。我将探讨如何对待非英语母性的态度，通过流通的材料，如上述旅行叙事，是中央莎士比亚的介绍这些妇女的身份。我还认为，这些来源会影响观众对这些母亲的形象的看法，突出了更广泛的内涵与外国母亲在现代早期阶段比以前概述的范围。

My research will address how emerging early modern ideologies of foreign people, land and cultures and the maternal body intersect, exploring how social and bodily differences align through representations of non-English motherhood. My work will aim to bring together the distinct fields of maternity and colonialism studies, producing new ways of thinking in regard to perceptions of femininity and identity. This project will investigate the significance of these beliefs for Shakespeare's dramatic works and his presentation of foreign mothers. This project will therefore develop an entirely unique contribution to the three areas of early modern maternity, colonialism and Shakespeare studies.During the initial stages of my PhD, I have completed a literature review of scholars writing on the categorisation of other cultures (Hodgen, 1971; Deroux; 2010) and maternity studies from a range of medical and dramatic perspectives (Miller and Yavneh, 2000; Fissell, 2004 and Laoutaris, 2008). This has allowed me to identify a clear gap in existing scholarship across both maternity and colonialism studies. Whilst scholars have touched upon the female body in travel narratives (Hall, 1996; Wagner, 2019) or the development of "Other" types of womanhood (Schwarz, 2000; Wiedenbeck, 2015), a focused study of non-English maternity in these accounts has not been attempted. My work will build upon and extend this body of scholarship, arguing that it is the foreign maternal body that provides the greatest challenge to the stability of cultural and gender identity in the period. To do so, my research will involve analysing maternity texts, such as Nicholas Culpeper's 'Directory for Midwives' (1662) and John Sadler's 'The Sick Woman's Private Looking-Glasse' (1636). Culpeper's work is essential for highlighting comparisons between birth accounts of hybrid species and tales of other cultures contained in travel narratives. Sadler's text will be analysed in relation to his discussion of the female body as impacted by heat and the abnormalities he suggests would be caused within mothers living in different climates. I will be interpreting such sources in relation to exploration accounts, such as Leo Africanus' 'A Geographical History of Africa' (translated 1600) and Mairtre d' Anghiera's 'The Decades of the Newe Worlde or West India' (translated 1555). These narratives are among several that characterise foreign, maternal women as over-sexualised and excessively powerful. Such analysis will be applied within my later chapters, offering new insights into female Shakespearean characters often overlooked in criticism, including Sycorax from 'The Tempest', Tamora from 'Titus Andronicus' and Thaisa and Marina from 'Pericles'. I will explore how attitudes towards non-English maternity, constructed through the circulation of materials such as the aforementioned travel narratives, is central to Shakespeare's presentation of the identity of these women. I will also argue that such sources would have influenced the audience's perception of these maternal figures, highlighting the far broader scope of connotations associated with foreign motherhood on the early modern stage than has previously been outlined.