Recovery and Analysis of Ancient Nuclear DNA

古代核 DNA 的回收和分析

• 批准号: 7109166
• 负责人: James P Noonan
• 金额: $ 4.88万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIF-LAWRENC BERKELEY LAB
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-06-14 至 2007-06-13
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7109166
• 关键词: DNA; animal genetic material tag; biochemical evolution; biotechnology; functional /structural genomics; genetic library; genetic screening; human genetic material tag; mitochondrial DNA; molecular cloning; nucleic acid quantitation /detection; nucleic acid sequence; polymerase chain reaction; population genetics; postdoctoral investigator

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Comparative approaches for the annotation of mammalian genomes rely on sequences from extant taxa to identify functionally conserved elements and lineage-specific sequence changes. However, such analyses would benefit from ancient DNA sequence from extinct species. Previous ancient DNA studies have relied on mitochondrial rather than genomic DNA due to technical hurdles such as microbial contamination and degradation of ancient DNAs. This proposal outlines a way to surmount these hurdles through the development of methods for the construction, sequencing and analysis of small-insert ancient nuclear DNA libraries. These methods will be refined using abundant cave bear ancient DNA and then extended to Neandertal genomic DNA. Analysis of a pilot cave bear library indicates that ancient DNA sequences can be recovered using these methods. Cave bear genomic sequence will be used to assess the phylogeny of cave bear and modern bear species obtained with mitochondrial DNA. With our collaborators, who will provide ancient DNAs, we will then construct Neandertal ancient DNA libraries and recover Neandertal orthologs of rapidly evolving human genes involved in human traits such as language.

描述（由申请人提供）：哺乳动物基因组注释的比较方法依赖于来自现存分类群的序列，以鉴定功能保守的元件和谱系特异性序列变化。然而，这种分析将受益于灭绝物种的古代DNA序列。由于微生物污染和古DNA降解等技术障碍，以前的古DNA研究依赖于线粒体而不是基因组DNA。该提案概述了通过开发用于构建、测序和分析小插入古代核DNA文库的方法来克服这些障碍的方法。这些方法将使用丰富的洞熊古代DNA进行改进，然后扩展到尼安德特人基因组DNA。对一个实验性洞熊文库的分析表明，使用这些方法可以恢复古老的DNA序列。洞熊基因组序列将用于评估洞熊和现代熊物种的线粒体DNA获得的生殖发育。我们的合作者将提供古代DNA，然后我们将构建尼安德特人古代DNA文库，并恢复与语言等人类特征相关的快速进化的人类基因的尼安德特人直系同源物。