IMPROVING METHODS FOR MISSING DATA & CAUSAL INFERENCE

无反应、因果推断和潜在变量是密切相关的；从统计学的角度来看，这三个问题都可以被视为缺失数据问题。该项目是Schafer博士及其同事自1996年以来通过改进处理丢失数据的方法来加强药物滥用预防和治疗科学的努力的继续。它还继续了之前由柯林斯博士领导的工作，通过改进的潜伏期分析(LTA)方法对物质使用和相关现象的阶段顺序发展进行建模。此外，我们还增加了另一个领域：开发新的工具，用于从观察性研究和破碎的随机实验中推断因果效应。这个项目有六个具体目标。首先，我们将通过应用、教育和软件开发，改进用于分析预防和治疗中不完整数据的做法。第二，我们将 在纵向研究中，研究新的缺失值“双稳健”回归方法的性质。第三，我们将致力于制定稳健的策略，以计算被认为偏离通常的随机缺失(MAR)假设的缺失值。第四，当一些缺失值被认为是MAR而其他值不是MAR时，我们将开发分析不完整数据的技术。第五，我们将继续开发、实施和应用贝叶斯方法在LTA中进行统计推理。第六，我们将制定程序，在存在混淆的情况下，将反事实结果归因于因果推理。

Nonresponse, causal inference and latent variables are closely related; from a statistical viewpoint, all three can be regarded as missing-data problems. This project is a continuation of the efforts by Dr. Schafer and his colleagues since 1996 to enhance the science of drug abuse prevention and treatment through improved methods for handling missing data. It also continues the work previously led by Dr. Collins to model stage-sequential development of substance use and related phenomena through improved methods of latent-transition analysis (LTA). To these we have added another area: developing new tools for inference about causal effects from observational studies and broken randomized experiments. This project has six Specific Aims. First, we will work to improve practices used to analyze incomplete data in prevention and treatment through application, education and software development. Second, we will investigate the properties of the new "doubly robust" regression methods for missing values in longitudinal research. Third, we will work to develop robust strategies for imputing missing values thought to depart from the usual assumption of missing at random (MAR). Fourth, we will develop techniques for analyzing incomplete data when some of the missing values are thought to be MAR but others are not. Fifth, we will continue to develop, implement and apply Bayesian methods for statistical inference in LTA. Sixth, we will develop procedures for imputing counterfactual outcomes for causal inference in the presence of confounding.