Discourses of Addiction: A Cognitive Stylistic Examination

众所周知，成瘾是最普遍的耻辱性疾病。虽然有大量的研究围绕着成瘾者所面临的耻辱（Avery & Avery 2019; Thorbrun 2005; Dean & Rud 1984）；迄今为止，除了我自己的研究之外，还没有关于成瘾的认知语言学研究（Johnson 2020）。这个项目将以三部分案例研究的形式，研究成瘾的话语，因为它表现在以下方面：非法毒品;2。)处方药;和3)。赌博。尽管这些概念是相关的，但它们的表现方式存在重大差异，这有助于理解它们的“安全”程度以及参与这些做法的人面临的耻辱程度。这些迭代将为我提供一个理想的组合，以探索文献中突出的关键主题，并从我早期的工作中产生，包括剥夺/授权，合法性，责备和责任。本项目将使用认知语言学的方法来回答研究问题：1。关于成瘾的论述揭示了非法麻醉品、处方药和赌博的概念？文化、法律和大众媒体在人们如何定义不同形式的成瘾方面发挥了什么作用？这些概念对预防、干预和治疗有何影响？数据收集将分为两个阶段：1)收集重要的政府精炼文件，包括最近有关非法麻醉品、处方药和赌博的议会报告。一项匿名在线调查针对的是那些至少有过上述三种上瘾经历的人。第一阶段将帮助我了解官方对这些普遍成瘾的态度，以及在多大程度上（如果有的话）将它们视为“问题”。基于这些显而易见的概念，我将针对那些有过这些上瘾经历的人进行一项匿名调查。我之所以选择针对这些人，是因为他们是一个影响力很大的群体，他们的声音往往被忽视。该调查将是一份比较问卷，将着眼于流行媒体对所有三种成瘾类型的表现以及参与者对此的反应。Lakoff & Johnson（1980）的概念隐喻理论将被用于分析数据。CMT将帮助我理解参与者对成瘾概念的心理表征，而他们的概念框架和映射理论将帮助我解释我如何理解参与者的语言作为特定概念化的证据。我希望CMT在这些数据集上的应用不仅在隐喻研究和认知科学领域，而且在成瘾研究和实践领域都能让人大开眼界。CMT从未提出我们赖以生存的隐喻是不可改变的；因此，如果我们花时间找出哪些概念是潜在有害的，我们将能够向政府官员和医疗保健专业人员反映这一点，希望提高人们对文化、法律和大众媒体在如何构建和理解成瘾方面可能产生的危险的认识。

Addiction is known to be the most prevalent stigmatised illness. Whilst there is a body of work surrounding the stigmas that people with addiction problems face (Avery & Avery 2019; Thorbrun 2005; Dean & Rud 1984); there has to date, been no cognitive linguistic research on addiction, except my own (Johnson 2020). Taking the form of a three-part case study, this project will examine the discourse ofaddiction as it manifests in relation to:1.) Illegal narcotics;2.) Prescription medications; and,3.) Gambling.Although these concepts are related, there are substantial differences in how they are represented and this contributes to how 'safe' they are understood to be and how much stigma those who engage in these practices face. These iterations will offer me an ideal combination to explore key themes highlighted by the literature and arising from my earlier work, including dis/empowerment, legitimacy, blame, and responsibility.This project will use a cognitive linguistic approach to answer the research questions:1. What do discourses of addiction reveal about conceptualisations of illegal narcotics, prescription medications and gambling?2. What role does culture, legality and popular media play in how people conceptualise different forms of addiction?3. What are the consequences of these conceptualisations for prevention, intervention and treatment?The data collection will be structured into two phrases:1.) Collection of key government refined documents, including recent parliamentary reports centred around illegal narcotics, prescription medications and gambling2.) An anonymous online survey targeted at those who have experiences of at least one of the three mentioned addictions.Phase one will assist me in acquiring a sense of official attitudes towards these prevalent addictions and to what extent, if any, they are treated as a 'problem'. Based on the conceptualisations evident, I will generate an anonymous survey targeted at people who have experience of one of these addictions. I have chosen to target these individuals as they are a high impact group whose voices often go unheard. The survey will be a comparative questionnaire that will look at popular media representations of all three types of addictions and participants' responses to these.Lakoff & Johnson's (1980) theory of Conceptual Metaphor will be used to analyse the data. CMT will help me to understand participants' mental representations of the concept of addiction, whilst their theory of conceptual frames and mappings will assist me in explaining how I understand participants' language as evidence for particular conceptualisations. I hope that the application of CMT to datasets such as thesewill serve as an eye-opener not just in the worlds of metaphor studies and cognitive science, but also addiction research and practice. CMT has never proposed that the metaphors we live by are unchangeable; therefore if we spend the time needed to find out which conceptualisations are potentially harmful, we will be in a position to echo this to government officials and healthcare professionals in the hope of raising awareness of the dangers that culture, legality, and popular media can have in how addiction is framed and understood.