Holistic Management to create sustainable, climate change resilient, small-scale fisheries in Jangamo, Mozambique

尽管占莫桑比克海洋物种总上岸量的75%-80%，但西南印度洋的小规模渔业历来被低估。内乱和政治动荡意味着过去几十年来收集的关于莫桑比克渔业的数据很少。莫桑比克有1500英里长的海岸线，这是出了名的难以监测。缺乏管理资源导致无证、非法和未报告的捕捞活动和渔获量。气候变化已被证明改变了世界各地的群落结构，但人们对气候变化对莫桑比克珊瑚礁的影响以及对中、顶端捕食者存在的潜在影响知之甚少。这项博士研究的结果将使案例研究合作伙伴非政府组织爱护海洋、政府和当地社区能够就《海洋保护公约》的合法化和管理做出基于证据的决定，这两者对成功的保护至关重要，并将有助于莫桑比克到2030年保护30%海岸线的使命。LMMA在全球范围内得到广泛应用，这种方法可以提高海洋生态系统的生产力，从而提高当地人口的粮食安全。由于当地利益攸关方也是管理者和受益者，LMMA对保护采取了一种全面的方法。这个项目很重要，因为它将填补Jangamo未来的科学知识空白，并使社区能够做出知情的保护决策。该项目还可以形成一个框架，以扩大莫桑比克海岸线沿线的地方管理战略，并有可能适用于邻国和整个西南印度洋。拟供研究和出版的章节：1)小规模渔业的管理--审查撒哈拉以南非洲的养护和管理战略，以提高小规模渔业社区的可持续性。2)调查气候变化对莫桑比克Jangamo海湾海洋生态系统平衡和生产力的影响。3)对莫桑比克的小规模渔业Jangamo进行定量评估。4)干预：探索当地管理的海洋区域如何改善Jangamo社区的海洋资源供应和粮食安全，特别注重让当地社区参与进来。

Small-scale fisheries in the southwest Indian ocean are historically underreported despite comprising 75-80% of the total landings of marine species in Mozambique. Civil and political unrest has meant little data have been collected on Mozambique's fisheries over the past decades. Mozambique has a 1500-mile coastline, notoriously difficult to monitor. Lack of management resources have resulted in unlicenced, illegal and unreported fishing effort and catch. Climate change has been demonstrated to alter community structures around the world, yet little is known on the effects of climate change on Mozambique's reefs, and the potential implications for meso- and apex predator presence. The results from this PhD will enable the case study partner NGO Love The Oceans, government and local community to make evidence-based decisions regarding the legalisation and management of the MPA, both of which are crucial to successful conservation and will aid Mozambique's mission of protecting 30% of the coastline by 2030. LMMAs are widely used across the globe and this approach could lead to improvements in marine ecosystem productivity and thus increase food security for local populations. LMMAs take a holistic approach to conservation as the local stakeholders are also the managers and the beneficiaries. This project is important because it will fill the scientific knowledge gap for the future of Jangamo, and empower communities to make informed conservation decisions. The project can also form the framework for upscaling local management strategies along the Mozambique coastline with the potential application to neighbouring countries and across the southwest Indian Ocean. Proposed chapters for research and publication: 1) Management of small-scale fisheries - a review of conservation and management strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa to increase the sustainability of small-scale fishing communities. 2) An investigation into the effect of climate change on the balance and productivity of the marine ecosystem in Jangamo bay, Mozambique. 3) A quantitative assessment of Jangamo, Mozambique's small-scale fisheries. 4) Intervention: exploring how Locally Managed Marine Areas (LMMAs) could improve marine resource availability and food security for Jangamo's communities, with a specific focus on engaging local communities.