Understanding the mechanistic basis of crop yield reductions in warm winters

了解暖冬作物减产的机制基础

• 批准号: 2749277
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of East Anglia
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2749277
• 关键词: Understanding; mechanistic; basis; crop; yield

In the UK and Europe high yielding arable crops are sown in autumn and flower the following spring. During winter they require chilling to promote flowering and also during flower development to promote high fertility. Previously, our research has shown that insufficient chilling during flower development leads to large yield reductions in some growing seasons, but the precise mechanism by which these effects of chilling affect yield remain unclear.This project will develop new varieties of winter oilseed rape that are able to respond to higher chilling temperatures, and thus will have more resilient high yields as the climate warms. The project will use modern scientific methods to accelerate the breeding of new crop varieties more suited to the environments of 21st century Europe.Genomic techniques will be used to discover gene variants that allow high yields in environments with modest chilling, and improve our understanding of the molecular and physiological basis of yield reductions in warm winters. The project will seek to understand the effects of climate change on crops, using techniques such as a field trials with artificial plotwarming, and new controlled environment facilities that can mimic real environments at high resolution and simulate warming at specific times of the year.

在英国和欧洲，高产的可耕地作物在秋天播种，第二年春天开花。在冬季，它们需要冷却来促进开花，也需要在花的发育过程中促进高繁殖力。在此之前，我们的研究表明，在某些生长季节，花卉发育过程中的低温不足会导致产量大幅下降，但这些低温影响产量的确切机制尚不清楚。该项目将开发能够应对更高低温的冬季油菜新品种，从而在气候变暖时获得更有弹性的高产。该项目将利用现代科学方法加速培育更适合21世纪欧洲环境的新作物品种。基因组技术将用于发现在适度寒冷环境下高产的基因变异，并提高我们对暖冬减产的分子和生理基础的理解。该项目将试图了解气候变化对作物的影响，使用人工变暖的田间试验等技术，以及新的受控环境设施，这些设施可以高分辨率地模拟真实环境，并模拟一年中特定时间的变暖。