Energy System Analysis for the Decarbonisation of Power Generation

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There is no straightforward answer to decarbonising power generation. It is a complex puzzle with many different possible pathways. While renewables offer completely sustainable electricity, their intermittency poses problems for the security aspect of the energy trilemma. Most energy storage solutions are also not mature and affordable enough to provide the helping hand necessary to absorb the fluctuations. On these fronts, the dispatchable, yet polluting resources of coal- and natural gas-powered electricity are still the clear winner. It becomes important to analyse the integration of multiple technologies into an optimised system, which can eliminate weaknesses and reinforce strengths. Such an optimisation depends on specific uses, needs, and boundary conditions of a particular case. This is where energy system design comes into play. The current work seeks to capture electricity generation from a global system perspective, investigating and connecting the available technologies to construct novel, hybrid solutions for the energy transition. In addition, the analysis is there to gain an understanding of the impact of certain trade-offs, providing industry and policymakers with a roadmap to assist their decision-making. As such, the study acts as a tool for innovation and sustainability.