Is violence associated with reduced autonomic responses to socio-affective stimuli?

暴力是否与对社会情感刺激的自主反应减弱有关？

• 批准号: 2752672
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Liverpool
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2752672
• 关键词: violence; associated; reduced; autonomic; responses

Violently harming another person may reflect a reduced capacity or motivation to empathise with another's pain. According to the Integrated Emotion Systems model, aggression is learned as 'bad' as a result of aversive feedback following transgressions, with this aversive feedback often including the victim's displays of pain or sadness. People who show a reduced capacity or motivation to empathise with the victim's pain, may therefore fail to perceive aggressive acts as 'bad', increasing the likelihood of acting in similar ways in the future. it is broadly accepted that empathy comprises two major interacting components: an affective and cognitive component. Whilst research suggests that people with violent convictions show problems in various aspects of empathic responding, the functioning of these distinct empathic 'systems' is yet to be systematically examined in forensic samples. One of the crucial components of empathy, which refers to the tendency to experience what another person is feeling, or to 'feel with' another person, is the extent to which empathy is deliberate versus spontaneous. For example, an empathic response may be generated spontaneously, or a deliberate empathic response can be generated when a person is deliberately instructed to do so. Providing an instruction to empathise can lead to the generation of an empathic response even in people who otherwise show a lack of spontaneous empathy. Clarifying the nature of empathic deficits in individuals with violent convictions has important implications for offender behaviour programmes, with the possibility that people with violent convictions may be capable of empathy if appropriately motivated. Empathic responding among violent offenders may be particularly impaired among those with elevated psychopathic tendencies, referring to a constellation of affective, interpersonal, and impulsive-antisocial personality traits. These traits are associated with a range of antisocial behaviours, from petty crime to potentially fatal violence. The presence of these traits is associated with a specific deficit in the ability to feel with another person. Aims: This project aims to identify the relationship between interpersonal violence and autonomic empathic responding, using psychophysiological techniques to examine the capacity and motivation to empathise in individuals with violent convictions and matched controls. The proposed work will employ novel paradigms from social-cognitive and affective neuroscience and stimuli depicting others in pain, in combination with state-of-the-art equipment for measuring autonomic arousal based on the pupil dilation response. My objectives are to a) identify known associations between violence and autonomic empathic responses using a systematic review and meta-analysis, b) examine differences in autonomic responding to emotionally salient stimuli associated with violent offending, and c) examine whether any problems in empathic responding reflect either a reduced capacity or a reduced motivation to empathise. This approach will allow us to precisely identify deficits in the empathic responses of people with convictions for violence, people with convictions for non-violent offences, and non-offenders.

暴力伤害另一个人可能反映了对他人痛苦的同情能力或动机的降低。根据整合情绪系统模型，攻击性是由于犯罪后的厌恶性反馈而被认为是“坏的”，这种厌恶性反馈通常包括受害者的痛苦或悲伤的表现。因此，那些对受害者的痛苦表现出同情能力或动机降低的人可能无法将攻击性行为视为“不好”，从而增加了未来以类似方式行事的可能性。人们普遍认为，共情包括两个主要的相互作用的组成部分：情感和认知组成部分。虽然研究表明，有暴力定罪的人在同理心反应的各个方面都表现出问题，但这些不同的同理心“系统”的功能尚未在法医样本中得到系统性检查。同理心的一个关键组成部分是，同理心是指体验另一个人的感受，或者与另一个人“感同身受”的倾向，同理心是故意的还是自发的。例如，共情反应可能是自发产生的，或者当一个人被故意指示这样做时，可以产生故意的共情反应。提供同理心的指导可以导致同理心反应的产生，即使是那些缺乏自发同理心的人。澄清与暴力定罪的个人共情赤字的性质有重要的影响罪犯的行为方案，与暴力定罪的人可能有能力共情，如果适当的动机的可能性。暴力犯罪者的共情反应可能在那些具有高度精神病倾向的人中特别受损，指的是情感，人际关系和冲动反社会人格特质的星座。这些特征与一系列反社会行为有关，从轻微犯罪到潜在的致命暴力。这些特征的存在与感受另一个人的能力的特定缺陷有关。目的：本项目旨在确定人际暴力和自主共情反应之间的关系，使用心理生理学技术，以检查的能力和动机，在个人与暴力信念和匹配的控制。拟议的工作将采用来自社会认知和情感神经科学的新范式，以及描绘疼痛中其他人的刺激，结合最先进的设备，用于测量基于瞳孔扩张反应的自主觉醒。我的目标是：（a）通过系统回顾和荟萃分析，确定暴力和自主共情反应之间的已知关联;（B）检查与暴力犯罪相关的情绪显著刺激的自主反应差异;（c）检查共情反应中是否存在任何问题，反映了共情能力的降低或共情动机的降低。这种方法将使我们能够精确地识别被判暴力罪的人、被判非暴力罪的人和非罪犯的共情反应的缺陷。