Neural Correlates of Autobiographical Memory

描述（由申请人提供）：自传式记忆——人们对自己生活中事件的记忆——是他们对自己未来行为做出判断的基础，是他们在病史中报告的内容，也是他们在多种形式的心理治疗和日常生活中使用的内容。它的功能障碍是阿尔茨海默病、创伤后应激障碍、闭合性头部损伤和几乎所有形式的一般性记忆丧失的一个主要症状。迄今为止，对自传式或情景性记忆的神经基础的研究通常依赖于在实验室中学习的材料，在一个非常短的时间间隔和一个地点，情感参与最少，高度控制和简单的感官环境。因此，许多已知的对记忆有深刻影响的行为因素（即情绪强度、感觉输入、空间和时间背景）在学习中变化不够大，无法在回忆中观察到影响，从而提供了对现实世界事件记忆中涉及的大脑系统的有限看法。在本研究中，这些因素在编码中以现实的方式变化，并使用功能磁共振成像探讨了它们对回忆的神经基础的影响。三种不同类型的任务将被用来研究自传式记忆的神经关联：(1)在不同的单词提示下回忆个人生活事件，(2)识别参与者在野外或实验室中拍摄的数码照片，以及(3)对舞台事件的线索识别。视觉图像过程、情感内容和时空背景信息的变化将在编码时被测量，并映射到大脑中相关的处理区域。在记忆检索的不同阶段，包括记忆的搜索和产生以及对其准确性和适当性的监测，将获得新的见解。拟议的研究将通过连接对现实世界事件的记忆和对实验室刺激的记忆，促进对涉及自传体事件信息检索的大脑系统的认识。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Autobiographical memory - people's memory for events from their lives - is a basis of judgments they make about their future behavior, what they report in their medical histories, and what they use in many forms of psychotherapy and everyday life. Its malfunction is a presenting symptom in Alzheimer's disease, posttraumatic stress disorder, closed head injury, and nearly all forms of general memory loss. To date, studies of the neural basis of autobiographical, or episodic, memory have generally relied on materials learned in the laboratory with minimal emotional involvement, a highly controlled and simple sensory environment, over one very short time interval, and in one location. Thus, many of the factors known behaviorally to have profound effects on memory (i.e., emotional intensity, sensory input, and spatial and temporal context) are not varied enough at learning to have effects that can be observed at recall, providing a limited view of the brain systems involved in memory for real-world events. In the proposed studies, these factors are varied in realistic ways at encoding and their effects on the neural basis of recall are probed using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Three different kinds of tasks will be used to investigate the neural correlates of autobiographical memory: (1) recall of personal life events given various word cues, (2) recognition of digital photographs which participants take in the field or study in the laboratory, and (3) cued recognition of staged events. Variations in visual imagery processes, emotional content, and spatiotemporal contextual information will be measured at encoding and mapped onto their associated processing regions in the brain. New insight will be gained into the network components activated at different stages of memory retrieval, including the search and production of the memory and the monitoring of its accuracy and appropriateness. The proposed research will advance knowledge about the brain systems involved in retrieving information about autobiographical events by bridging between memory for real-world events and memory for laboratory stimuli.