Integrating social data into systematic conservation planning.(4469)

用于保护生物多样性和生态系统服务的资源总是有限的，需要在空间上分配(基于地点的办法)才能发挥最大效果。然而，由于不同利益攸关方的价值观和目标相互冲突和相互作用，而且信息往往不完整，评估往往是多项政策和管理备选方案，具有极大的挑战性。系统的保护规划(SCP)和相关方法已被广泛应用于为此类决策提供支持。特别是，它们使不同考虑因素的替代显式假设和权重的结果能够被正式比较和对比，并经常以地图的形式描绘出来。然而，尽管一些用于生物多样性和生态系统保护的资源分配显然对人类社区更有利(包括在健康和福祉方面)，并且更容易被社会接受，但社会数据与SCP的整合到目前为止是有限的。这个学生将探索将关于个人从自然环境中受益以及对自然环境的态度和期望的社会数据整合到英格兰的SCP中。首先，它将在这类工具的背景下评估不同类型的社会数据的适当性和处理方式。这将包括解决一些问题，例如在环境数据方面广泛采用的“利益转移”技术的应用，以及可能与环境数据本身有很大不同的空间背景问题(例如自然景观)。其次，它将把关键的社会数据集(例如来自自然英格兰人和自然调查的数据)整合到SCP中，以审查当前一些重要的战略规划问题，特别是解决自然的健康和福祉效益、选择的社会可接受性以及减少环境和社会不公正的可能性对生物多样性和生态系统保护的资源空间分配(如当地自然恢复战略、植树目标和净收益中体现的资源)的后果。这个项目是自然英格兰大学和埃克塞特大学更新项目“个人”主题的合作项目，学生将与自然英格兰大学密切合作，将其方法作为研究的案例研究，并有机会在组织中扎根一段时间。

Resources for the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services are invariably limited and need to be spatially allocated (a place-based approach) to greatest effect. However, evaluating often multiple policy and management options is commonly extremely challenging, because of conflicting and interacting values and objectives of different stakeholders, and frequently incomplete information. Systematic conservation planning (SCP) and related approaches have been employed widely to provide support for such decision-making. In particular, they enable the consequences of alternative explicit assumptions and weightings of different considerations to be formally compared and contrasted, and often portrayed in map form. However, whilst it is clear that some allocations of resources for biodiversity and ecosystem conservation are more beneficial to human communities (including in terms of health and wellbeing) and are more socially acceptable, the integration of social data into SCP has thus far been limited.This studentship will explore the integration of social data on individuals' benefits from, and attitudes and expectations towards, the natural environment into SCP for England. First, it will evaluate the appropriateness of, and ways of handling, different kinds of social data in the context of such tools. This will include addressing issues such as the application of 'benefits transfer' techniques that are widely employed in the context of environmental data, and issues of spatial context (e.g. views of nature) that may be rather different from those relevant to environmental data per se. Second, it will integrate key social data sets (e.g. such as ones derived from Natural England's People and Nature Survey) into SCP to examine some current significant strategic planning issues, particularly the consequences for the spatial allocations of resources for biodiversity and ecosystem conservation (such as those embodied in Local Nature Recovery Strategies, tree-planting targets and net gain) of addressing the health and wellbeing benefits of nature, the social acceptability of options, and of reducing the potential for environmental and social injustice, and the potential of an SCP approach for anticipating un-intended consequences of environmental change.This project is a partnership between Natural England and the University of Exeter RENEW project 'Individuals' theme, and the student will work closely with Natural England, use its approaches as a case study for the research, and have opportunities to be embedded in the organisation for a period.