Development of Electro-Optic Beam Position Monitors for the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider

高光度大型强子对撞机是欧洲核子研究中心的一项重大加速器升级，将把提供给ATLAS和CMS实验的光度提高一个数量级。此次升级将使人们能够搜索新的稀有粒子，并对粒子物理标准模型进行精确测量。HL-LHC将通过将质子束更紧密地聚焦在相互作用点、增加束流和旋转束团以最大化碰撞光束之间的几何重叠来实现这种光度增加。为了优化HL-LHC的蟹腔性能，需要具有挑战性的新仪器来测量以接近光速通过的1纳秒长的质子束的横向形状。为了解决这一令人兴奋的挑战，斯蒂芬·吉布森教授领导了欧洲核子研究中心光束仪器小组和伦敦大学皇家霍洛威大学(RHUL)之间的英国合作，开发了新型电光光束位置监测器(EO-BPM)。其目的是使用时间响应在皮秒范围内的电光晶体，以实现对经过的相对论束团的超快光学响应。博士生将加入这个CERN-RHUL合作实验计划，为CERN的旗舰加速器LHC的测试开发电光BPM。博士职位将设在伦敦大学皇家霍洛威大学，在那里，学生最初将接受培训，在皇家霍洛韦的激光室和洁净室进行实验台测试，并对相对论束团、电光响应进行电磁模拟，并开发超快光学探测技术。这名学生还将在第一年参加牛津大学的加速器物理讲座，这是约翰·亚当斯加速器科学研究所提供的培训的一部分。在英国接受初步培训后，学生将转到欧洲核子研究中心，参加SPS加速器原型的操作束流测试。学生有机会在大型强子对撞机第三次运行期间从EO-BPM设备获取和分析数据，目的是验证在大型强子对撞机上部署这些新设备的新方法。在成功演示之后，结果将被公布，并将参加国际会议。学生将加入RHUL的一个友好团队，并受益于Stephen Gibson教授的直接监督，并与CERN的团队合作。博士候选人还将受益于约翰·亚当斯加速器科学研究所更广泛的支持和培训网络，该研究所是英国先进和新颖加速器技术的卓越中心，提供加速器技术方面的专业知识、研究、开发和培训，并在科学和社会中促进先进加速器应用。

The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider is a major accelerator upgrade at CERN that will increase the luminosity delivered to the ATLAS and CMS experiments by an order of magnitude. The upgrade will enable the search for new, rare particles and precision measurements of the standard model of particle physics. The HL-LHC will achieve this luminosity increase by a combination of focusing the proton beams more tightly at the interaction points, increasing the beam current and crab-rotating the bunches to maximise the geometric overlap between the colliding beams. Optimising the performance of the crab-cavities at the HL-LHC requires challenging new instrumentation that can measure the transverse shape of a 1ns long proton bunch passing by at nearly the speed of light.To address this exciting challenge, Prof Stephen Gibson leads the UK collaboration between the CERN Beam Instrumentation group and Royal Holloway, University of London (RHUL) to develop novel Electro-Optic Beam Position Monitors (EO-BPM). The aim is to use electro-optical crystals that have a time response in the picosecond range to enable an ultra-fast optical response to the passing relativistic bunch. The PhD candidate will join this CERN-RHUL collaborative experimental program to develop electro-optical BPMs for tests at CERN's flagship accelerator, the LHC.The PhD position will be based at Royal Holloway, University of London, where the student will be initially trained to perform experimental bench tests in laser rooms and clean rooms at Royal Holloway, and to perform electromagnetic simulations of the relativistic bunch, the electro-optic response and develop ultrafast optical detection techniques. The student will also attend lectures in accelerator physics at the University of Oxford during the first year, as part of the training provided by the John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science.After the initial training in the UK, the student will move to CERN to participate in operational beam tests of the prototype at the SPS accelerator. The student have the opportunity to acquire and analyse data from the EO-BPM device during Run-III of the LHC, with the aim of validating this new method for deployment of these new devices at the HL-LHC. Following successful demonstration, publications of the results and participation in international conferences is expected.The student would join a friendly team at RHUL and benefit from the direct supervision of Prof. Stephen Gibson, and collaborate with the team at CERN. The PhD candidate would also benefit from the wider support and training network of the John Adams Institute for accelerator science, a centre of excellence in the UK for advanced and novel accelerator technology, providing expertise, research, development and training in accelerator techniques, and promoting advanced accelerator applications in science and society.