4 year scholarship: year 1 PG Dip; year 2 PhD. PhD title: Quantifying Enhanced Mixing of Stratified Shelf Seas by Offshore Wind Infrastructure

4 年奖学金：1 年 PG Dip；

• 批准号: 2852987
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Hull
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2852987
• 关键词: year; scholarship; PG; Dip; PhD.

Despite its importance to many geophysical systems, including the atmosphere and the world's oceans, there remain significant open challenges to our fundamental understanding of turbulent stratified flows. Whilst offshore wind developments to-date have predominately been constructed in well-mixed unstratified coastal waters, growth of the offshore wind sector now requires the first ever large-scale industrialisation of stratified shelf seas. Sector growth and development in these new environments is necessary to meet the UK's 2050 net zero carbon commitments, yet the impact of offshore wind infrastructure, a source of anthropogenic mixing to stratified shelf seas, has not yet been quantified.Stratification is a critical system control in shelf seas. Vertical density variations act to suppress vertical transport of energy, nutrients, CO2, heat, salinity, and sediment. Stratification is therefore crucial to both the physics and ecosystems of shelf seas, and the potential impact of anthropogenic mixing is significant. In addition, turbulent mixing of flow past infrastructure imposes constant drag forces on foundations which will vary in stratified waters. Understanding the impact of stratification on mixing from, and hydrodynamic loading of, offshore renewable energy structures is needed to inform Environmental Impact Assessments as well as future fixed and floating platform designs. It is vital that environment-engineering based solutions are developed now to enable sustainable and rapid large-scale expansion of offshore renewable energy into stratified shelf seas.New understanding of turbulent mixing in stratified flow past infrastructure is required to aid both future design and to quantify environmental impact, from single turbine to array scale. To address these challenges the successful candidate will develop local scale oceanographic computational fluid dynamic models of turbulent mixing in offshore windfarms. Models will be used to quantify environmental impact, and imposed loads from stratified flow past different infrastructure.This PhD will address three key research questions:How does wind turbine infrastructure affect density stratification and material transport?What role does density stratification have on hydrodynamic loading of offshore wind infrastructure?Can the influence of offshore wind infrastructure on density stratification be mitigated against through novel foundation design?Methodology: Numerical Investigation In collaboration with ORE Catapult. No ethical issues.

尽管它对包括大气和世界海洋在内的许多地球物理系统很重要，但我们对湍流分层流动的基本理解仍然面临重大的公开挑战。虽然到目前为止，海上风能开发主要是在混合良好的未分层沿海水域建立的，但海上风能行业的增长现在需要对分层陆架海进行首次大规模工业化。这些新环境下的行业增长和发展对于履行英国2050年净零碳承诺是必要的，但海上风能基础设施的影响尚未量化，海上风能基础设施是陆架海分层的人为混合来源。分层是陆架海的关键系统控制。垂直密度的变化抑制了能量、营养物质、二氧化碳、热量、盐度和沉积物的垂直输送。因此，层化对陆架海的物理和生态系统都是至关重要的，人为混合的潜在影响是重大的。此外，流经基础设施的湍流混合会对基础施加恒定的阻力，这种阻力在分层水域中会有所不同。需要了解分层对海上可再生能源结构物的混合和水动力加载的影响，以便为环境影响评估以及未来的固定和浮动平台设计提供信息。现在开发基于环境工程的解决方案至关重要，以使近海可再生能源能够持续和快速地大规模扩展到分层陆架海。需要对基础设施分层流动中的湍流混合有新的理解，以帮助未来的设计和量化从单个涡轮机到阵列规模的环境影响。为了应对这些挑战，成功的候选人将开发近海风电场湍流混合的局部海洋计算流体动力学模型。模型将被用来量化环境影响，以及通过不同基础设施的分层流动施加的负荷。本博士将解决三个关键研究问题：风力涡轮机基础设施如何影响密度分层和材料运输？密度分层对海上风能基础设施的水动力负荷有什么作用？近海风能基础设施对密度分层的影响能否通过新的基础设计来缓解？方法：与ORE CALAPULT合作进行数值调查。没有道德问题。