The formation of Nepalese migrant and diaspora communities in the Gulf cities of Doha and Dubai

在卡塔尔将于2022年12月举办国际足联世界杯之前，海湾国家移民劳工恶劣的工作和生活条件以及与工作有关的死亡和伤害引起了全球媒体的注意。这种剥削及其与卡法拉赞助制度的联系对这些移民的生活产生了不可否认的影响——这是造成“社会苦难”的关键因素（Bourdieu et al., 1999）。事实上，这一直是许多社会科学研究的主要焦点，这些研究关注的是从全球南方到海湾国家的移民的经历（brusl<e:1>, 2018; Sharma, 2018; Babar, 2014；Williams等人，2012）。海湾国家移民经历的一个较少被考虑的方面是社会关系和网络——在目的地和跨国范围内——支持和维持这些移民工人的生活和生计。拟议的研究将建立在对海湾地区南亚移民的小型研究基础上，该研究将考虑这些人口中的临时性、归属感和跨国主义（Vora, 2013; Babar, 2014）。它通过对生活和工作在多哈（卡塔尔）和迪拜（阿联酋）的尼泊尔移民的人类学研究，提供了对移民生活的深入研究。它将特别考虑以下研究问题：(1)在多哈和迪拜的尼泊尔移民社区中，社会团体是基于什么基础形成的？(2)在这些城市的尼泊尔移民社区中，原籍国的社会、种族和文化等级在多大程度上得到了再现？(3)尼泊尔移民社区的跨国存在以及他们属于家乡和东道国社会的经历的社会政治含义是什么？

The poor working and living conditions and work-related deaths and injuries of migrantlabourers in the Gulf States came to the attention of the global media in the run up to Qatarholding the FIFA World Cup in December 2022. Such exploitation and its link to the Kafalasponsorship system has an undeniable impact on the lives of such migrants-a keycontributor to 'social suffering' (Bourdieu et al., 1999). Indeed, this has been thepredominant focus of much social science research focused on the experiences of migrantsfrom the Global South to the Gulf States (Bruslé, 2018; Sharma, 2018; Babar, 2014;Williams et. al., 2012). A less considered aspect of migrant experience in Gulf states hasbeen the social relationships and networks-both within the destination and transnationalsphere-that support and sustain the lives and livelihoods of these migrant workers. Theproposed research will build on the small body of research with South Asian migrants of theGulf that considers temporariness, belonging, and transnationalism among these populations(Vora, 2013; Babar, 2014). It offers an in depth examination of migrant lives through anethnographic study with Nepalese migrants living and working in Doha (Qatar) and Dubai(UAE). In particular it will consider the following research questions:(1) On what grounds are social groups formed within Nepalese migrant communitiesin Doha and Dubai?(2) To what extent are the social, ethnic and cultural hierarchies of the country oforigin reproduced within Nepalese migrant communities in these cities?(3) What are the socio-political implications of the transnational presence of theNepalese migrant communities and their experiences of belonging to their homeand host societies?