Marine ecosystem responses to past climate change and its oceanographic impacts

由于人类活动，地球的海洋正在变暖，并失去溶解氧。对现代动物的实验表明，海水氧气和温度的综合影响对动物生态系统构成了重大的环境威胁。海洋变暖和缺氧事件在地质记录中很常见，这些古老的气候扰动通常与海洋物种灭绝有关。但许多问题仍未得到解答。变暖的幅度和速率以及海洋氧反应是什么？海洋物种灭绝的比例是多少？是否有些分类或功能组比其他组更容易存活？通过调查全球范围内的物种灭绝，将化石记录中的生物多样性与海洋变化联系起来，对大多数古代气候事件进行了定性研究。你将把古代海洋/气候和生态系统的计算机模型与定量的古生物学方法结合起来，对古代气候变化的影响做出预测，然后用化石记录来检验我们的理解。您将学习地球历史上的关键时期，在这些时期，过去的气候变化被认为影响了海洋生态系统（例如白垩纪海洋缺氧事件），从而产生一些关于海洋变暖和脱氧如何影响地球历史上的动物生态系统的第一个直接和统计上可靠的测试。

Earth's oceans are warming and losing dissolved oxygen due to human activity. Experiments on modern animals show that the combined impacts of seawater oxygen and temperature are a substantial environmental threat to animal ecosystems. Ocean warming and deoxygenation (anoxic) events are common in the geologic record, and these ancient climate perturbations were often linked to marine extinctions. But many questions remain unanswered. What were the magnitudes and rates of warming and the ocean oxygenation responses? What proportion of marine species went extinct? Were some taxonomic or functional groups more likely to survive than others?Most ancient climate events have been studied qualitatively by investigating extinction at the global scale to link biodiversity in the fossil record to oceanographic change. You will combine computer models of ancient oceans/climate and ecosystems with quantitative palaeobiological methods to make predictions about the impacts of ancient climate change and then test our understanding against the fossil record. You will study key intervals of Earth history where past climate change is suggested to have impacted marine ecosystems (e.g. Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events) to produce some of the first direct and statistically robust tests of how ocean warming and deoxygenation have impacted animal ecosystems through Earth's history.