Monitoring and detecting invasive species in anthromes: bees on the Faroe Islands

监测和检测昆虫中的入侵物种：法罗群岛的蜜蜂

• 批准号: 2878983
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Northumbria University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2878983
• 关键词: Monitoring; detecting; invasive; species; anthromes

The Faroe Islands are an archipelago of islands located in the Atlantic Ocean, between Shetland and Iceland. Between the 4th and 6th century AD, people began to settle on the islands, bringing with them crops and livestock, and consequently changing the flora and vegetation of the islands drastically. Nowadays, noticeably absent from the native landscape are bees - honeybees, bumblebees and solitary bees alike. In the past ten years or so, however, more sightings of a few species of bumblebee have been recorded, most abundantly Bombus lucorum. This presents a unique opportunity to explore the invasion of such a species, noting any effects that these invaders may have on native flora and fauna. Typically, bumblebee invasions are coupled with displacement of native bee species, but in this scenario, there are no native bee species present. Several tools will be used to explore the Faroese plant-pollinator network. This allows predictions to be made with the addition (or removal) of certain species resulting from bumblebee invasion. The majority of data collection will be done through monitoring, but environmental DNA (eDNA) will also be used as a tool to explore both the contemporary and historical landscape of the Faroe Islands. Records suggest that honeybees have been introduced previously, and the presence of flora that is well adapted to bee pollination also suggests this. Soil samples will be taken in areas where apiaries have been historically recorded and eDNA extracted in order to build a larger picture of the historical plant-pollinator network.Some of the questions this project will therefore aim to address are the following:1. How does the invasion of bumblebee species affect anthromes with no recorded native bees, with focus on: o Native pollinators? o Native flora?2. Can historical bee eDNA be detected and quantified in peat core samples?3. Has flora adapted to bee pollination in specific environmental systems evolved a different mechanism (e.g. autogamy?)

法罗群岛是一个群岛的岛屿位于大西洋，之间的设得兰群岛和冰岛。在公元4至6世纪，人们开始在岛上定居，带来了农作物和牲畜，因此大大改变了岛上的植物群和植被。如今，在当地的风景中明显看不到蜜蜂--蜜蜂、大黄蜂和独居蜜蜂。然而，在过去十年左右的时间里，有更多关于几种大黄蜂的目击记录，其中最多的是明亮熊蜂。这提供了一个独特的机会来探索这样一个物种的入侵，注意这些入侵者可能对本地植物群和动物群的任何影响。通常情况下，大黄蜂的入侵与本地蜜蜂物种的迁移相结合，但在这种情况下，没有本地蜜蜂物种。将使用几种工具来探索法罗群岛的植物-传粉者网络。这使得预测与增加（或删除）某些物种所造成的大黄蜂入侵。大部分数据收集将通过监测完成，但环境DNA（eDNA）也将被用作探索法罗群岛当代和历史景观的工具。记录表明蜜蜂以前就被引入过，而且很好地适应蜜蜂授粉的植物群的存在也表明了这一点。土壤样本将在历史上有养蜂记录的地区采集，并提取eDNA，以构建历史植物-传粉者网络的更大图景。因此，该项目将致力于解决以下问题：1.大黄蜂物种的入侵如何影响没有记录的本地蜜蜂的人类，重点是：o本地传粉者？o本地植物群？2.在泥炭芯样中可以检测和量化历史蜜蜂的eDNA吗？3.适应蜜蜂授粉的植物群在特定的环境系统中是否进化出了不同的机制（例如自花受精？）