Digital Ages: Exploring the Industrial, Formal, and Theoretic Implications of Hollywood's Digital De-ageing Trend

自从计算机生成图像（CGI）首次用于X战警：最后一站（Ratner，2006）中的六十岁演员，数字化去衰老的流行和讨论呈指数级增长。事实上，好莱坞在2022年发布了9款具有数字去老化功能的产品，产量几乎是其第二多产年的两倍。此外，数字化去衰老技术的实施已经成为新版本的主要营销吸引力（Look，2021：221），也是关于创造就业机会和职业寿命的对话的先驱（King，2011：258）。尽管近20年来这种不断扩大的存在，数字去老化-无论是平滑皱纹和锐化下巴线条的微小编辑还是全面的CGI重新渲染-仍然主要影响白色男性身体（Holliday，2022：231）。好莱坞还没有使用这项技术来使非白人女性、亚洲男性或残疾人（以及其他少数群体）减龄。因此，数字化去老化的快速增长显然具有很高的娱乐、经济和社会文化影响。为了调查并最终论证这一趋势的更广泛的社会影响，有必要全面了解其对电影形式、产业和理论的影响。利用现有的关于数字化对电影本体的更广泛的不稳定性的研究，新兴的数字去老化学术已经开始讨论这种影响。例如，补充巴里金（2011）声称数字效果阻碍了下士星星形象的意义，数字去老化的学术研究集中在趋势的不稳定（白色，男性）星星职业生涯的时间固定性质（霍利迪，2022;卢克，2021）和流行的“表演”概念（波德，2010;霍利迪，2022）。学者们也开始探讨这一趋势对电影及其学术观念的影响

Since computer-generated imagery (CGI) was first used to de-age sexagenarian actors in X-Men: The Last Stand (Ratner, 2006), the popularity of and discussion surrounding digital de-ageing have exponentially increased. Indeed, Hollywood released nine products in 2022 that feature digital de-ageing, nearly doubling the output of their second-most prolific year. Further, the implementation of digital de-ageing technology has become both a primary marketing draw for new releases (Loock, 2021: 221) and a forerunner in conversations about job generation and career longevity (King, 2011: 258). Despite nearly twenty years of this expanding presence, digital de-ageing-whether it be minute edits that smooth wrinkles and sharpen jawlines or comprehensive CGI re-renderings-remains predominantly effected upon white male bodies (Holliday, 2022: 231). Hollywood has still not used this technology to de-age non-white women, Asian men, or disabled people (among other minority groups). It therefore becomes evident that this rapid increase in digital de-ageing carries high entertainment, economic, and sociocultural implications.To investigate-and ultimately argue a stance on-this trend's broader societal effects, it is necessary to comprehensively understand its impact on film form, industry, and theory. Drawing on existing research into digitisation's wider destabilisation of film ontology, burgeoning scholarship on digital de-ageing has begun to discuss such implications. For example, complementing Barry King's (2011) claim that digital effects hinder corporal star image signification, scholarship on digital de-ageing focusses on the trend's destabilisation of (white, male) star careers' temporally-fixed nature (Holliday, 2022; Loock, 2021) and prevailing notions of 'acting' (Bode, 2010; Holliday, 2022). Scholars have thus begun to explore this trend's effects on film and academic conceptionthereof