Digital Ages: Exploring the Industrial, Formal, and Theoretic Implications of Hollywood's Digital De-ageing Trend

数字时代：探索好莱坞数字抗衰老趋势的工业、形式和理论含义

• 批准号: 2886387
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2886387
• 关键词: Digital; Ages; Exploring; Industrial; Formal

Since computer-generated imagery (CGI) was first used to de-age sexagenarian actors in X-Men: The Last Stand (Ratner, 2006), the popularity of and discussion surrounding digital de-ageing have exponentially increased. Indeed, Hollywood released nine products in 2022 that feature digital de-ageing, nearly doubling the output of their second-most prolific year. Further, the implementation of digital de-ageing technology has become both a primary marketing draw for new releases (Loock, 2021: 221) and a forerunner in conversations about job generation and career longevity (King, 2011: 258). Despite nearly twenty years of this expanding presence, digital de-ageing-whether it be minute edits that smooth wrinkles and sharpen jawlines or comprehensive CGI re-renderings-remains predominantly effected upon white male bodies (Holliday, 2022: 231). Hollywood has still not used this technology to de-age non-white women, Asian men, or disabled people (among other minority groups). It therefore becomes evident that this rapid increase in digital de-ageing carries high entertainment, economic, and sociocultural implications.To investigate-and ultimately argue a stance on-this trend's broader societal effects, it is necessary to comprehensively understand its impact on film form, industry, and theory. Drawing on existing research into digitisation's wider destabilisation of film ontology, burgeoning scholarship on digital de-ageing has begun to discuss such implications. For example, complementing Barry King's (2011) claim that digital effects hinder corporal star image signification, scholarship on digital de-ageing focusses on the trend's destabilisation of (white, male) star careers' temporally-fixed nature (Holliday, 2022; Loock, 2021) and prevailing notions of 'acting' (Bode, 2010; Holliday, 2022). Scholars have thus begun to explore this trend's effects on film and academic conceptionthereof

自从计算机生成图像（CGI）第一次被用于《x战警：最后一战》（拉特纳，2006）中60多岁的演员的减龄，围绕数字减龄的流行和讨论呈指数级增长。事实上，好莱坞在2022年推出了9部以数字去老为特色的产品，几乎是其第二多产年份的两倍。此外，数字去老龄化技术的实施已经成为新发行的主要营销吸引力（lock, 2021: 221）和关于创造就业机会和职业寿命的对话的先驱（King, 2011: 258）。尽管近二十年来这一趋势不断扩大，数字去衰老——无论是平滑皱纹和锐化下颌线条的微小编辑，还是全面的CGI重新渲染——仍然主要影响着白人男性的身体（Holliday, 2022: 231）。好莱坞仍然没有使用这种技术来降低非白人女性、亚洲男性或残疾人（以及其他少数群体）的年龄。因此，数字“去老龄化”的快速增长显然会对娱乐、经济和社会文化产生重大影响。为了调查这一趋势更广泛的社会影响，并最终表明立场，有必要全面了解它对电影形式、工业和理论的影响。利用现有的关于数字化对电影本体更广泛的不稳定性的研究，新兴的关于数字去老龄化的学术研究已经开始讨论这种影响。例如，为了补充巴里·金（2011）关于数字效果阻碍下士明星形象意义的说法，关于数字去衰老的学术研究关注的是（白人，男性）明星职业的暂时固定性质（Holliday, 2022; lock, 2021）和“表演”的流行概念（Bode, 2010; Holliday, 2022）的不稳定性趋势。学者们由此开始探讨这一趋势对电影及其学术观念的影响