Fence, Fines and Care of the Forest: Conservation Politics in the Sundarbans of Bangladesh

孙德尔本斯是世界上最大的红树林保护区，位于孟加拉国西南部和印度西孟加拉邦东南部。尽管超过500万人直接或间接地依靠孙德尔本斯的资源维持生计，但孙德尔本斯的保护问题非常严重，在孟加拉国孙德尔本斯，对保护干预措施的不同看法存在争议。研究问题和目标将通过在孙德尔本斯边缘的民族志田野调查，在Satkhira地区的Shyamnagar upazila（分区）的村庄进行调查。提出的论文将有助于正在进行的关于保护政治的辩论：通过为跨学科对话提供人类学视角，这项工作将有助于更好地理解尊重人类和非人类世界的保护潜力。这对孟加拉国政府、林业部门和当地居民都很重要。这项博士研究计划旨在通过三种相互关联的解释来调查保护政治：i)造成当局和当地人民之间紧张关系的堡垒保护；Ii)作为反政治的保护，新自由主义的保护将自然和社区暴露于资本的服务之下；iii)脱离主流保护的另类斗争。通过四个案例研究：通过“拯救老虎”项目引发的人兽冲突；生态村模式下的自然文化商品化通过共同管理森林实现环境主体性；以及通过原生森林宇宙观替代主流保护的方法，本研究将研究孟加拉国孙德尔本斯对保护干预措施的不同看法是如何受到质疑的。研究问题和目标将通过在孙德尔本斯边缘的民族志田野调查，在Satkhira地区的Shyamnagar upazila（分区）的村庄进行调查。提出的论文将有助于正在进行的关于保护政治的辩论：通过为跨学科对话提供人类学视角，这项工作将有助于更好地理解尊重人类和非人类世界的保护潜力。

The Sundarbans is the largest mangrove forest reserve in the world and is divided between the southwest region of Bangladesh and southeast of West Bengal, India. Though more than five million people directly or indirectly depend on its resources for their livelihoods, the conservation of the Sundarbans is highly how different visions of conservation interventions are contested in the Bangladesh Sundarbans. The research questions and objectives will be investigated through ethnographic fieldwork on the fringes of the Sundarbans, in villages in Shyamnagar upazila (sub-district) under the Satkhira district. The proposed thesis will contribute to the ongoing debate on conservation politics: by contributing an anthropological perspective to an interdisciplinary dialogue, the work will help to better understand the potential for conservation that respects the human and non-human world. important for the Bangladesh government, Forest Department, and the local population too. This proposed PhD research aims to investigate conservation politics through three interrelated interpretations: i) a fortress conservation that creates tensions between authorities and local people; ii) conservation as anti-politics where neoliberal conservation exposes nature and community to the service of capital; and iii) alternative struggles to move away from mainstream conservation. By using four case studies: human-animal conflict through the 'save the tiger' project; the commodification of nature-culture through an eco-village model; environmental subjectivities through co-management of the forest; and alternatives to mainstream conservation through indigenous forest cosmology, this research will study how different visions of conservation interventions are contested in the Bangladesh Sundarbans. The research questions and objectives will be investigated through ethnographic fieldwork on the fringes of the Sundarbans, in villages in Shyamnagar upazila (sub-district) under the Satkhira district. The proposed thesis will contribute to the ongoing debate on conservation politics: by contributing an anthropological perspective to an interdisciplinary dialogue, the work will help to better understand the potential for conservation that respects the human and non-human world.