Fence, Fines and Care of the Forest: Conservation Politics in the Sundarbans of Bangladesh

孙德尔本斯是世界上最大的红树林保护区，位于孟加拉国西南部和印度西孟加拉东南部。尽管有500多万人直接或间接依赖其资源维持生计，但孙德尔本斯的保护是孟加拉国孙德尔本斯对保护干预措施的不同看法的高度争议。研究问题和目标将通过在Sundarbans边缘，Satkhira县Shyamnagar upazila（分区）的村庄进行人种学实地考察进行调查。拟议的论文将有助于保护政治正在进行的辩论：通过贡献一个人类学的角度跨学科的对话，工作将有助于更好地了解保护的潜力，尊重人类和非人类世界。这对孟加拉国政府、林业部和当地居民都很重要。这项拟议的博士研究旨在通过三个相互关联的解释来调查保护政治：i）一个堡垒保护，造成当局和当地人民之间的紧张关系; ii）保护作为反政治，新自由主义保护暴露自然和社区为资本服务; iii）替代斗争，远离主流保护。通过四个案例研究：通过“拯救老虎”项目的人畜冲突;通过生态村模式的自然文化商品化;通过森林共同管理的环境主体性;以及通过土著森林宇宙学的主流保护的替代方案，这项研究将研究如何在孟加拉国孙德尔本斯保护干预的不同愿景有争议。研究问题和目标将通过在Sundarbans边缘，Satkhira县Shyamnagar upazila（分区）的村庄进行人种学实地考察进行调查。拟议的论文将有助于保护政治正在进行的辩论：通过贡献一个人类学的角度跨学科的对话，工作将有助于更好地了解保护的潜力，尊重人类和非人类世界。

The Sundarbans is the largest mangrove forest reserve in the world and is divided between the southwest region of Bangladesh and southeast of West Bengal, India. Though more than five million people directly or indirectly depend on its resources for their livelihoods, the conservation of the Sundarbans is highly how different visions of conservation interventions are contested in the Bangladesh Sundarbans. The research questions and objectives will be investigated through ethnographic fieldwork on the fringes of the Sundarbans, in villages in Shyamnagar upazila (sub-district) under the Satkhira district. The proposed thesis will contribute to the ongoing debate on conservation politics: by contributing an anthropological perspective to an interdisciplinary dialogue, the work will help to better understand the potential for conservation that respects the human and non-human world. important for the Bangladesh government, Forest Department, and the local population too. This proposed PhD research aims to investigate conservation politics through three interrelated interpretations: i) a fortress conservation that creates tensions between authorities and local people; ii) conservation as anti-politics where neoliberal conservation exposes nature and community to the service of capital; and iii) alternative struggles to move away from mainstream conservation. By using four case studies: human-animal conflict through the 'save the tiger' project; the commodification of nature-culture through an eco-village model; environmental subjectivities through co-management of the forest; and alternatives to mainstream conservation through indigenous forest cosmology, this research will study how different visions of conservation interventions are contested in the Bangladesh Sundarbans. The research questions and objectives will be investigated through ethnographic fieldwork on the fringes of the Sundarbans, in villages in Shyamnagar upazila (sub-district) under the Satkhira district. The proposed thesis will contribute to the ongoing debate on conservation politics: by contributing an anthropological perspective to an interdisciplinary dialogue, the work will help to better understand the potential for conservation that respects the human and non-human world.