Fence, Fines and Care of the Forest: Conservation Politics in the Sundarbans of Bangladesh

孙德尔本斯是世界上最大的红树林保护区，位于孟加拉国西南部和印度西孟加拉邦东南部之间。尽管有500多万人直接或间接地依靠其资源维持生计，但孙德尔本斯群岛的保护问题在很大程度上取决于孟加拉孙德尔本斯地区对保护干预措施的不同看法。研究问题和目标将通过在Sundarbans边缘、Satkhira县Shyamnagar upazila(分区)的村庄进行人种学田野调查来调查。拟议的论文将有助于正在进行的关于保护政治的辩论：通过从人类学的角度为跨学科对话做出贡献，这项工作将有助于更好地理解尊重人类和非人类世界的保护的潜力。对孟加拉国政府、林业部和当地民众来说也很重要。这项拟议的博士研究旨在通过三种相互关联的解释来调查保护政治：i)在当局和当地人民之间制造紧张关系的堡垒保护；ii)保护是反政治的，新自由主义保护使自然和社区暴露在资本的服务之下；iii)脱离主流保护的另类斗争。通过使用四个案例研究：通过‘拯救老虎’项目实现人与动物的冲突；通过生态村模式实现自然-文化商品化；通过共同管理森林实现环境主观性；通过土著森林宇宙学替代主流保护，本研究将研究孟加拉国孙德尔本斯地区对保护干预措施的不同观点是如何产生争议的。研究问题和目标将通过在Sundarbans边缘、Satkhira县Shyamnagar upazila(分区)的村庄进行人种学田野调查来调查。拟议的论文将有助于正在进行的关于保护政治的辩论：通过从人类学的角度为跨学科对话做出贡献，这项工作将有助于更好地理解尊重人类和非人类世界的保护的潜力。

The Sundarbans is the largest mangrove forest reserve in the world and is divided between the southwest region of Bangladesh and southeast of West Bengal, India. Though more than five million people directly or indirectly depend on its resources for their livelihoods, the conservation of the Sundarbans is highly how different visions of conservation interventions are contested in the Bangladesh Sundarbans. The research questions and objectives will be investigated through ethnographic fieldwork on the fringes of the Sundarbans, in villages in Shyamnagar upazila (sub-district) under the Satkhira district. The proposed thesis will contribute to the ongoing debate on conservation politics: by contributing an anthropological perspective to an interdisciplinary dialogue, the work will help to better understand the potential for conservation that respects the human and non-human world. important for the Bangladesh government, Forest Department, and the local population too. This proposed PhD research aims to investigate conservation politics through three interrelated interpretations: i) a fortress conservation that creates tensions between authorities and local people; ii) conservation as anti-politics where neoliberal conservation exposes nature and community to the service of capital; and iii) alternative struggles to move away from mainstream conservation. By using four case studies: human-animal conflict through the 'save the tiger' project; the commodification of nature-culture through an eco-village model; environmental subjectivities through co-management of the forest; and alternatives to mainstream conservation through indigenous forest cosmology, this research will study how different visions of conservation interventions are contested in the Bangladesh Sundarbans. The research questions and objectives will be investigated through ethnographic fieldwork on the fringes of the Sundarbans, in villages in Shyamnagar upazila (sub-district) under the Satkhira district. The proposed thesis will contribute to the ongoing debate on conservation politics: by contributing an anthropological perspective to an interdisciplinary dialogue, the work will help to better understand the potential for conservation that respects the human and non-human world.