Trans-national zoonoses. The interacting role of environmental and socio-political processes on zoonotic pathogen futures.

英国和意大利是两个面积相似的欧洲国家，但它们的气候、土地类型和社会政治制度却有很大不同。人畜共患病原体的传播是在这些差异的背景下发生的。人畜共患病原体具有一系列传播策略（例如，虫媒传播、食源性传播、直接传播），“国家之间”的差异可能对以不同方式传播的人畜共患疾病产生不同的影响。例如，直接传播的病原体，如SARS-Cov-2，可能受气候和土地利用的影响较小，但受国家政治和治理制度影响的不同控制程序的影响很大。相反，蜱传播的伯氏疏螺旋体，莱姆病的病因，可能更受土地类型和使用以及气候条件的影响。还有一些因素，如食源性感染、环境、政治和社会影响（如饮食偏好）可能同样重要。因此，预测未来的空间流行和设计有效的控制这些人畜共患病原体，需要一个行星健康方法（PH）。PH方法认识到，与人畜共患病原体的传播策略有关，需要共同了解这些社会政治和基于自然的驱动因素。从不同的社会文化和生态环境中学习有助于为最佳实践提供信息。

The UK and Italy are two similarly sized European nations, yet their climates, land types and socio-political systems differ substantially. Zoonotic pathogen transmission occurs against the backdrop of these differences. Zoonotic pathogens have a range of transmission strategies, (e.g. insect vectored, food borne, directly transmitted) and, 'between nation' differences, are likely to have different effects on zoonoses transmitted in different ways. For example, a directly transmitted pathogen such as SARS-Cov-2, may be less affected by climate and land use but substantially affected by different control processes influenced by the countries' political and governance systems. Conversely, the tick borne Borrelia burgdorferi, the cause of Lyme's disease, may be more strongly influenced by land type and use and by climatic conditions. For still others, such as some food borne infections, environment, politics and societal influences (e.g. dietary preferences), may all be similarly important. Predicting the future spatial prevalence and designing efficacious control for these zoonotic pathogens, therefore, requires a Planetary Health approach (PH). A PH approach recognises that these socio-political and nature-based drivers need to be understood together in relation to the transmission strategies of the zoonotic pathogen. Learning from different socio-cultural and ecological contexts can help inform best practice.