CDA2325 - Working Stone and Making Places in Neolithic Wales

博士项目将调查欧洲最大的新石器时代斧头刀片来源之一：威尔士北部的格雷格·卢伊德。由Parc Eryri（斯诺登尼亚国家公园和项目合作伙伴）领导的Graig Lwyd的新实地调查和公众宣传揭示了一个广泛而多样的石头开采景观，具有独特的原始研究潜力。通过实地考察和人工制品分析，博士研究员将获得关于新石器时代石器工作如何创造地方和景观的新知识。它将为更好地保护石制景观提供证据，并以生动而引人注目的方式展示新石器时代的斧头制作，从而使项目合作伙伴受益。在新石器时代的欧洲（公元前4000-2200年），石斧是多产、实用和强大的物品。斧头（刀刃）的特性和效力来自于制作它们的石头。人们根据材料的性质和火成岩的产地来选择火成岩和燧石的来源。最大的叶片来源之一是北威尔士的Graig Lwyd。自从它被发现以来，Craig Lwyd只收到了零星的兴趣，因为他相信这些工作已经被现代采石场所丢失。最近的实地调查反驳了这种看法。新石器时代青睐的岩石（微闪长岩）位于被现代采石场忽视的松散岩石中。由Parc Eryri（该项目的合作伙伴）领导的Graig Lwyd的挖掘和公众宣传已经确定了新的地点，并回收了大量（约500公斤）新石器时代的石头加工碎片，代表了刀片制造的大多数阶段（YouTube上的介绍视频）。它将石料加工的痕迹延伸到了距离最初发现地点5公里以内的地区。格兰德是一个广泛而多样的采石景观。最近恢复的工作碎片组合为整合材料和景观调查的原始研究提供了令人兴奋的潜力。对新石器时代斧刃的研究已经从对物品的狭隘关注转向对刀刃的制作、运动、使用和沉积的研究。尽管对采石场的兴趣更大，但没有一个主要的火成岩来源得到持续、系统的调查。即使是在英国最多产的朗代尔，研究也一直是零散的，缺乏综合的人工制品和景观分析。理论研究已经产生了令人信服的关于石头加工的社会组织的描述。然而，证据基础仍然以旧数据为主，缺乏景观研究。博士项目将调查欧洲最大的新石器时代斧刃来源之一，利用公园里正在进行的田野调查的发现：1。采石和制刃发生在格雷格·路德的什么地方？在景观中，石材加工技术是如何变化的？影响这些变化的因素是什么？Graig Lwyd的石工技术和场所制作与欧洲西北部其他石工景观相比如何？

The PhD project will investigate one of Europe's largest sources of Neolithic axe blades: Graig Lwyd, north Wales. New fieldwork and public outreach at Graig Lwyd led by Parc Eryri (the national park in Snowdonia and the project partner) is revealing an extensive and varied landscape of stone extraction, with exceptional potential for original research. Through fieldwork and artefact analysis, the PhD researcher will generate new knowledge about how stone working made places and landscapes in the Neolithic. It will benefit the project partner by providing evidence to better conserve the stone-working landscape and present Neolithic axe making in vivid and compelling ways.Stone axes were prolific, practical and potent objects in Neolithic Europe (4000-2200 BC). The axe heads (blades) derived their properties and potency from the stone from which they were fashioned. People selected sources of igneous rock and flint on the basis of the materials' properties and the places where the stone derived. One of the largest sources of blades was Graig Lwyd, north Wales. Craig Lwyd has received only piecemeal interest since its discovery due to the belief that the workings were lost to a modern quarry. Recent fieldwork disproved this belief. The rock (microdiorite) favoured in the Neolithic lies in screes of loose stone ignored by the modern quarries.Excavations and public outreach at Graig Lwyd led by Parc Eryri (the project's partner) has identified new sites and recovered large quantities (>500 kg) of Neolithic stone-working debris, representing most stages of blade making (introductory video on YouTube). It has extended the traces of stone working to areas within 5km of the original discoveries. Graig Lwyd is an extensive and varied landscape of stone extraction. The recently recovered assemblages of working debris offer exciting potential for original research that integrates materials and landscape investigation.Research on Neolithic axe blades has shifted from a narrow attention on the objects to studies of the making, movement, use and deposition of blades. Despite greater interest in quarries, no major igneous sources have received sustained, systematic investigation. Even at Langdale, the UK's most prolific source, research has been piecemeal and lacked integrated artefactual and landscape analyses. Theoretical research has generated compelling accounts of the social organisation of stone working. Yet the evidential basis remains dominated by old data and lacks landscape studies. The PhD project will investigate one of Europe's largest sources of Neolithic axe blades, capitalising on the discoveries made during Parc Eryri's ongoing fieldwork:1. Where did quarrying and blade making occur in the Graig Lwyd landscape?2. How did technologies of stone working vary in the landscape and what factors influenced these variations?3. How do stone-working technologies and placemaking at Graig Lwyd compare with other stone-working landscapes in NW Europe?