Tailored Interventions to Prevent Substance Abuse

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案提交给NIDA，以响应跨NIHPA-04-121（了解儿童和青少年健康风险行为变化的机制。该提案涉及计划公告（PA）的两个主要目标：（1）加强对健康风险行为的演变，预防和终止的理解;（2）制定有效的预防和干预策略，旨在保持健康行为和预防健康风险行为，如药物滥用。这项研究的总体目标是通过使用针对每个人使用香烟和酒精的特定风险状况的创新互动干预措施来预防青少年使用药物。跨年龄组（小学、初中和高中）、人群（美国，英国，和以色列），以及物质（烟草、酒精和其他药物）一直确定了四组非使用者，他们在使用物质用途：方面的风险各不相同：（1）最受保护的物质使用;（2）高风险使用物质;（3）对保持无物质的矛盾;和（4）对物质使用的风险否认。这些概况证明了内部和外部的有效性，以及预测未来药物使用的良好能力，因此，提供了一个机会，制定一个新的预防方法。这些概况将被用作设计两个创新的基于计算机的干预措施的基础，以防止青少年滥用药物。两种新的定制干预措施（预防吸烟和预防酒精）将在2（组;治疗与比较）X 4（场合; 0，12，24和36个月）的学校临床试验中开发和测试。对照组将接受两种先前开发和测试的定制健康行为干预（饮食和防晒）。具体目标是：（1）证明早期青少年（6年级）接受基于个人资料的量身定制的吸烟干预措施的青少年比对照组更有可能保持不吸烟;（2）证明接受基于个人资料的量身定制的饮酒干预措施的青少年比对照组更有可能保持不饮酒;和（3）复制研究结果，即定制的饮食和阳光照射干预措施将有效地减少这两个高风险行为作为比较条件的一部分。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal is submitted to NIDA in response to the Trans-NIHPA-04-121 (Understanding Mechanisms of Health Risk Behavior Change in Children and Adolescents. This proposal addresses the two primary goals of the Program Announcement (PA): (1) To enhance the understanding of the evolution, prevention and termination of health risk behaviors and (2) The development of effective prevention and intervention strategies designed to maintain healthy behaviors and prevent health risk behaviors, like substance abuse. The overarching objective of this research is to prevent substance use in early adolescents through the use of innovative interactive interventions tailored to each individual's particular risk profile for using cigarettes and alcohol. Research across age groups (elementary, middle and high school), populations (U.S., U.K., and Israel), and substances (tobacco, alcohol and other drugs) has consistently identified four clusters of non-users who vary in their risks for substance use: (1) Most Protected from substance use; (2) High Risk to use substances; (3) Ambivalent about staying substance free; and (4) Risk Denial about substance use. These profiles have demonstrated both internal and external validity as well as good ability to predict future substance use and, therefore, provide an opportunity to develop a new approach to prevention. These profiles will be employed as the basis for designing two innovative computer-based interventions to prevent substance abuse by adolescents. The two new tailored interventions (smoking prevention and alcohol prevention) will be developed and tested in a 2 (Group; treatment vs. Comparison) X 4 (Occasions; 0, 12, 24, and 36 months) school-based clinical trial. The comparison group will receive two previously developed and tested tailored health behavior interventions (diet and sun protection). The specific aims are: (1) To demonstrate that early adolescents (6th Grade) receiving profile-based tailored interventions for smoking are significantly more likely to remain free from smoking than a comparison group; (2) To demonstrate that early adolescents receiving profile-based tailored interventions for alcohol use are significantly more likely to remain free from alcohol than a comparison group; and (3) To replicate findings that the tailored diet and sun exposure interventions will be effective in reducing these two high risk behaviors as part of the comparison condition.