Challenges to Peacebuilding in a Changing World

不断变化的世界中建设和平面临的挑战

• 批准号: 2890423
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of York
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2890423
• 关键词: Challenges; Peacebuilding; Changing; World

Title: Local origins, liberal trajectories?: Analyzing the entanglements of peacebuilding interventions to the illiberal local order in Myanmar, Nepal, and the PhilippinesThe proposed research aims to interrogate the entanglements of liberal peacebuilding efforts to the illiberal local order in conflict-affected societies, in hopes of addressing the rising authoritarianism and illiberalism that has hampered peacebuilding interventions all over the world. Specifically, I ask the initial question: How do embedded political/social structures at the local level shape international peacebuilding interventions, and vice versa? My research hopes to tackle head-on dilemmas inherent to post-conflict peacebuilding efforts in societies mired with local state capture, warlord politics, and elite bargaining; and aims to develop a useful framework to understand the effects of big men/women politics and kinship-based alliances to international peacebuilding and statebuilding interventions in conflict-affected communities. The resulting framework can potentially offer alternative pathways for post-conflict statebuilding and unsettle criticisms and contestations of the practice of liberal peacebuilding in societies with limited statehood in Asia (Myanmar, Nepal, and the Philippines). There is no debate that the liberal peace template privileges state characteristics that conform to Westphalian states-- strong institutions, meritorious bureaucracy, and equal representation, rendering locally derived state-society arrangements as insignificant. Peripheral arrangements such as kin-based alliances and personalistic politics are rooted in history and state formation processes in Asia, yet little is known about their entanglements to the current political order and broader peacebuilding landscape in both literature and practice. Proponents and scholars of peacebuilding often fail to acknowledge the existing pre- and post-war structures, let alone recognize their long-term legacies and the backdrop from which they successfully operate. Even with the aid of critical peacebuilding and local turn literature, to this day, both scholarship and practice have grappled to understand where peacebuilding and statebuilding interventions fell short in fostering peace in fragile societies all over the world. Through qualitative methods, I will analyze the entanglements of international peacebuilding interventions to the embedded political and social order in Myanmar, Nepal, and the Philippines. Primary data will be collected through archival, historical, and ethnographic research, employing semi-structured interviews and participant observation among local communities: their respective local government units, indigenous institutions, traditional justice systems, and grassroots organizations, among others. An extended field involvement as a volunteer at one or two of International Alert's offices in Asia is also envisioned.The analysis will proceed in three stages. The first part of the analysis is to characterize the social and political institutions in societies with 'limited statehood', zooming into locally-derived orders based on kinship, alliances, "big men" and insurgent politics, spanning from historical to modern times. I will then juxtapose these institutions and their practices to international peacebuilding and statebuilding interventions by International Alert in the three contexts since 1988 in the Philippines, 2001 in Nepal, and 2012 in Myanmar. Through the lens of comparative historical sociology, these entanglements will then be analyzed vis-a-vis the "underlying structures-- economic, institutional, social, and geopolitical (Hedman and Sidel, 2005, p. 6)" orders. I hypothesize that the local and international orders influence peacebuilding outcomes more than previously assumed in practice and literature. This influence comes and goes in different directions, creating collisions, and contestation but also negotiations and accommodat

书名：地方起源，自由主义轨迹？分析在缅甸，尼泊尔和菲律宾的建设和平干预的非自由的地方秩序的纠缠拟议的研究旨在询问的纠缠自由的建设和平的努力，在受冲突影响的社会的非自由的地方秩序，希望解决日益上升的威权主义和非自由主义，阻碍了世界各地的建设和平的干预。具体来说，我提出了第一个问题：地方层面的嵌入式政治/社会结构如何影响国际建设和平干预措施，反之亦然？我的研究希望能够解决与当地国家捕获，军阀政治和精英谈判陷入困境的社会中冲突后建设和平工作固有的正面困境;并旨在制定一个有用的框架，以了解大男人/女人政治和基于亲属关系的联盟对国际和平建设和受冲突影响的社区的国家建设干预措施的影响。由此产生的框架可能为冲突后国家建设提供替代途径，并在亚洲国家有限的社会（缅甸，尼泊尔和菲律宾）中对自由和平建设实践的批评和质疑。毫无疑问，自由主义的和平模式赋予了符合威斯特伐利亚国家的国家特征--强大的机构、值得称赞的官僚机构和平等的代表权，使当地产生的国家社会安排变得微不足道。诸如亲属联盟和个人主义政治等外围安排植根于亚洲的历史和国家形成过程，但在文献和实践中，人们对它们与当前政治秩序和更广泛的和平建设格局的纠缠知之甚少。建设和平的支持者和学者往往不承认现有的战前和战后结构，更不用说承认其长期遗产及其成功运作的背景。即使在关键的建设和平和地方转向文学的帮助下，直到今天，学术界和实践界都在努力理解建设和平和国家建设干预措施在促进世界各地脆弱社会的和平方面的不足之处。通过定性的方法，我将分析国际和平建设的干预措施，嵌入在缅甸，尼泊尔和菲律宾的政治和社会秩序的纠缠。原始数据将通过档案、历史和人种学研究收集，采用半结构化访谈和当地社区的参与观察：他们各自的地方政府单位、土著机构、传统司法系统和基层组织等。还设想在国际警报组织亚洲的一两个办事处作为志愿者扩大实地参与。分析将分三个阶段进行。分析的第一部分是描述“有限国家”社会中的社会和政治制度，放大到基于亲属关系，联盟，“大人物”和叛乱政治的地方衍生秩序，从历史到现代。然后，我将把这些机构及其做法与国际警觉组织自1988年以来在菲律宾、2001年在尼泊尔和2012年在缅甸的三种情况下进行的国际和平建设和国家建设干预措施并列。通过比较历史社会学的透镜，这些纠缠将被分析与“底层结构-经济，制度，社会和地缘政治（海德曼和西得尔，2005年，第6页）”的秩序。我假设，地方和国际秩序的影响建设和平的结果比以前假设的实践和文献。这种影响在不同的方向上来来去去，造成冲突，并提出，但也谈判和协商