Strategic Derring: Using Errors to Maximise Learning

这项研究旨在评估一种新的潜在教学技术的有效性，以提高教育成果，基于新发现的故意犯错（Derring）效应。在教育环境中，学生往往有动机避免犯错误，因此避免基于错误的学习。然而，最近对德林效应的研究表明，引导学生在低风险的学习环境中故意犯错误可以是一种有效的学习方法。重要的是，故意犯错的好处已经被发现超过了其他流行的和有效的学习技术，如精心编码和概念映射。因此，Derring作为一种简单且具有成本效益的学习技术具有很强的潜力，可以很容易地实施到教学实践中。然而，目前，Derring效应仅在有限范围内被观察到，并且支撑Derring效应的机制还没有得到很好的理解。拟议的博士项目将填补这些空白，以更好地了解Derring可能对长期学习有效的背景。该项目的主要目的是（1）测试德林效应的关键理论，建立支撑德林效应的机制，（2）建立德林效应在不同人群和课堂环境中的普遍性，（3）证明德林效应的持久性。总之，这项研究计划将使我能够得出关于Derring在教育环境中的潜在好处的强有力的结论，并就如何使用Derring制定明确的指导方针。

The proposed research is designed to assess the efficacy of a new potential teaching technique to improve educational outcomes, based on the newly discovered Deliberate Erring (Derring) effect. In educational settings, students are often motivated to avoid making mistakes, and therefore avoid error-based learning. Recent research on the Derring effect, however, indicates that guiding students to produce deliberate errors in low-stakes study environments can be a powerful technique to improve learning. Critically, the benefits of deliberate erring have been found to outstrip other popular and effective study techniques such as elaborative encoding and concept-mapping. Thus, Derring has strong potential as an easy and cost-effective study technique that could be readily implemented into teaching practices. Currently, however, the Derring effect has been observed in only a limited range of contexts, and the mechanisms that underpin the Derring effect are not well-understood. The proposed PhD project will fill these gaps, to provide a better understanding of the contexts in which Derring is likely to be effective for long-term learning. The key aims of the project are to (1) test the key theories of the Derring effect, to establish the mechanisms that underpin the Derring effect, (2) establish the generality of the Derring effect with different populations, and in classroom contexts, and (3) demonstrate the longevity of the Derring effect. Together, this programme of research will allow me to draw strong conclusions about the potential benefits of Derring in educational settings, and to produce clear guidelines on how Derring should be employed.