Development of a new solid tritium breeder blanket

新型固体氚增殖毯的研制

• 批准号: 2908923
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2027
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2027 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2908923
• 关键词: Development; new; solid; tritium; breeder

A future power station will employ the fusion of deuterium and tritium, as it requires the lowest temperature to achieve ignition. Deuterium is abundant; however, tritium is only generated in nature at a rate of 0.41 kg per year and has a 12.6 year half-life making it extremely rare. With a 1 GW fusion reactor expected to require ~100 kg of tritium annually, it is essential that we identify a sustainable supply. Fortunately, tritium can be bred from the transmutation of lithium driven by absorption of the neutron ejected by the D-T reaction. Demonstration of a sustainable tritium cycle is one of the major outstanding engineering challenges facing fusion. Current blanket concepts were conceived during the design of ITER and use either Li ceramic pebbles or a liquid lithium lead eutectic. The solid tritium-breeding concepts utilise either lithium orthosilicate or lithium metatitanate pebbles. Both materials have issues, however; the silicate has a low crush strength, which could result in pebble fragmentation, and there is concern about whether the titanate offers a sufficiently high tritium breeding ratio. Further, current solid breeder concepts employ beryllium as a neutron multiplier, which is undesirable as it is relatively rare, hazardous to handle, and typically contains trace quantities of uranium that are hard to remove. Therefore, this project will look to design a new breeder blanket for a compact fusion reactor, that uses a solid breeder material.

未来的发电站将采用氘和tri的融合，因为它需要最低的温度才能达到点火。氘很丰富；但是，Tritium在自然界中仅以每年0.41 kg的速度产生，半衰期为12。6年，因此极为罕见。预计每年有1 GW融合反应器需要约100千克的tri吨，因此我们必须确定可持续的供应。幸运的是，可以从锂的传播中繁殖，这是由d-t反应弹出的中子吸收驱动的。可持续的tri循环的演示是融合面临的主要杰出工程挑战之一。当前的毯子概念是在迭代设计过程中构思的，并使用李陶瓷鹅卵石或液态锂铅共晶。固体trium繁殖概念利用锂矫正液或metatanate鹅卵石。但是，两种材料都有问题。硅酸盐的压碎强度低，可能导致卵石碎片化，并且担心钛酸是否提供足够高的tri菌育种比。此外，当前的固体繁殖者概念采用铍作为中子乘数，这是不希望的，因为它相对较少，危险处理，并且通常包含很难去除的微量铀。因此，该项目将旨在为使用固体材料的紧凑型融合反应堆设计新的育种毯。