Modeling HIV Diffusion through Drug Using Networks

模拟艾滋病毒通过吸毒网络的传播

• 批准号: 7254775
• 负责人: WILLIAM A ZULE
• 金额: $ 51.42万
• 依托单位: RESEARCH TRIANGLE INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-30 至 2010-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7254775
• 关键词: AIDS/HIV problem; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Age; Attitude; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Biological; Biological Testing; Buffers; Case Study; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Characteristics; Cities; Communicable Diseases; Condition; Crime; Data; Diffusion; Disease; Drug usage; Drug user; Environment; Epidemic; Epidemiologic Studies; Equipment; Ethnography; Gender; Geographic Locations; Growth; HIV; HIV Infections; Health; Heating; Heterosexuals; Immunologist; Incidence; Individual; Infection; Injecting drug user; Injection of therapeutic agent; Intervention; Interview; Knowledge; Laboratory Scientists; Laboratory Study; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Low Prevalence; Maps; Minority; Modeling; Molecular; Motivation; Needles; Neighborhoods; North Carolina; Numbers; Pathway Analysis; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Population; Prevalence; Race; Range; Rate; Relative Risks; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Reduction; Rural; Scientist; Sex Behavior; Sexual Transmission; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Shapes; Social Environment; Social Network; Solutions; Specialist; Staging; Structure; Syringes; Testing; Universities; Viral Load result; Woman; Work; base; density; high risk behavior; insight; interdisciplinary collaboration; mathematical model; men who have sex with men; multidisciplinary; protective behavior; rural area; sex; simulation; size; social; socioeconomics; sociologist; success; therapy development; transmission process; virology

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Sexual transmission of HIV is increasing in the South among women, minorities, and men who have sex with men. Moreover, in several recent studies, HIV incidence among injecting drug users was associated more with sexual risk behaviors than injecting risk behaviors. The increasing incidence of HIV associated with sexual transmission may reflect the success of interventions in reducing injecting risk, and the fact that sexual risk reduction is often influenced by social, gender, and cultural norms in addition to individual motivation. Furthermore, patterns of drug use have shifted in the South, with high rates of crack use among minorities and within rural areas. The proposed 5-year multimethod longitudinal study will identify factors associated with the sexual diffusion of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) within drug-using groups and from drug users to non-drug users in rural and urban settings in North Carolina. The approach will combine ethnographic observations, individual behavioral interviews, social network analysis, biological testing, and structural environmental assessments. These data will provide inputs for developing conceptual and mathematical models of HIV epidemics among drug users in rural and urban settings. Such models can aid in intervention development by helping to determine which modifiable behavioral and structural factors would have the greatest impact on reducing HIV and STI transmission. The proposed team will work collaboratively with the State HIV/AIDS office and the University of North Carolina (UNC) Center on AIDS Research Virology Core for virological testing to identify recent HIV infections. The specific aims of the study are as follows: 1. To assess the effects of environmental (e.g., neighborhood characteristics, rural-urban setting, and syringe access), social network (e.g., density, size, and stability), and personal (e.g., age, race, and gender) characteristics on individual risk behavior, prevalence, and incidence of HIV and STIs. 2. To identify and describe differences in social network characteristics associated with urban-rural settings, social structure, risk behaviors, geographic location, and environmental conditions and to link these differences to the spread of HIV and STIs within and between networks. 3. To develop a conceptual model of HIV and STI transmission within, between, and outside the networks. This model will be based on the findings in Aims 1 and 2 and include biological, personal, network, and environmental components and their interaction with risk behavior. 4. To develop a mathematical model that will operationalize the conceptual model in Aim 3. This model will synthesize findings from Aims 1 through 3 in order to estimate (through simulation) the impact of intervening at different levels (biological, individual, network, and environment) and at specific points within levels.

描述（由申请人提供）： 在南方，妇女、少数民族和男男性行为者中艾滋病毒的性传播正在增加。此外，在最近的几项研究中，注射毒品使用者中的艾滋病毒发病率与性风险行为的关系大于与注射风险行为的关系。与性传播有关的艾滋病毒发病率的增加可能反映了在减少注射风险方面的干预措施的成功，以及减少性风险除了个人动机外往往受到社会、性别和文化规范的影响。此外，南部的毒品使用模式发生了变化，少数民族和农村地区快克使用率很高。拟议的五年期多方法纵向研究将查明与艾滋病毒和其他性传播感染在北卡罗来纳州农村和城市吸毒群体内以及从吸毒者向非吸毒者的性传播有关的因素。该方法将结合联合收割机人种学观察，个人行为访谈，社会网络分析，生物测试，结构环境评估。这些数据将为建立农村和城市吸毒者中艾滋病毒流行的概念和数学模型提供投入。这种模式有助于确定哪些可改变的行为和结构因素对减少艾滋病毒和性传播感染的影响最大，从而有助于制定干预措施。拟议的小组将与国家艾滋病毒/艾滋病办公室和北卡罗来纳州大学艾滋病研究病毒学核心中心合作，进行病毒学检测，以确定最近的艾滋病毒感染。具体研究目的如下：1.评估环境影响（例如，邻里特征、城乡设置和注射器接入），社会网络（例如，密度、尺寸和稳定性），和个人（例如，年龄、种族和性别）特征对个人风险行为、艾滋病毒和性传播感染的流行和发病率的影响。2.识别和描述与城乡环境、社会结构、风险行为、地理位置和环境条件相关的社会网络特征的差异，并将这些差异与网络内和网络之间的艾滋病毒和性传播感染的传播联系起来。3.建立网络内部、网络之间和网络外部艾滋病毒和性传播感染传播的概念模型。该模型将以目标1和2中的研究结果为基础，包括生物、个人、网络和环境组成部分及其与风险行为的相互作用。4.制定一个数学模型，将目标3中的概念模型付诸实施。这一模式将综合目标1至3的结果，以便（通过模拟）估计在不同层次（生物、个人、网络和环境）和在各个层次内的特定点进行干预的影响。

项目成果

Stimulant use and sexual risk behaviors for HIV in rural North Carolina.

北卡罗来纳州农村地区艾滋病毒的兴奋剂使用和性危险行为。

• DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2007.00127.x
• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association
• 作者: Zule,WilliamA;Costenbader,Elizabeth;Coomes,CurtisM;MeyerJr,WilliamJ;Riehman,Kara;Poehlman,Jon;Wechsberg,WendeeM
• 通讯作者: Wechsberg,WendeeM

Relationship characteristics associated with anal sex among female drug users.

• DOI: 10.1097/olq.0b013e3181c71d61
• 发表时间: 2010-06
• 期刊: Sexually transmitted diseases
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Mackesy-Amiti ME;McKirnan DJ;Ouellet LJ
• 通讯作者: Ouellet LJ

The relative role of perceived partner risks in promoting condom use in a three-city sample of high-risk, low-income women.

在三个城市的高风险、低收入女性样本中，感知到的伴侣风险在促进安全套使用方面的相对作用。

• DOI: 10.1007/s10461-010-9840-7
• 发表时间: 2011
• 期刊: AIDS and behavior
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Ober,AllisonJ;Iguchi,MartinY;Weiss,RobertE;Gorbach,PaminaM;Heimer,Robert;Ouellet,LawrenceJ;Shoptaw,Steven;Anglin,MDouglas;Zule,WilliamA
• 通讯作者: Zule,WilliamA