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Correspondence: Exploration and Travel from Manuscript to Print,1768-1848

通信：从手稿到印刷品的探索与旅行，1768-1848

基本信息

批准号：
AH/F009364/1
负责人：
Charles Withers
金额：
$ 23.65万
依托单位：
University of Edinburgh
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2008 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FF009364%2F1
关键词：
Correspondence Exploration Travel Manuscript Print

项目摘要

This project examines the history and the writing of geographical exploration - explorers' accounts - and the published and printed versions of them, looking particularly at material held within the John Murray Archive (National Library of Scotland). The proposal brings together expertise in historical geography and in book history to examine the role of correspondence in the making and in the publication of geographical knowledge. In this instance, the term 'correspondence' has three interrelated meanings here. First, it relates to the discursive conventions through which explorers framed geographical narrative, whether in the form of letters, diaries, or as continuous narratives. Second, correspondence relates to the means by which explorers and geographical travellers assured themselves of the truth of what they were told - that is, of a correspondence between what they were told and their experience of the world. This is significant since a central and problematic feature of the making of 'the modern fact' is whether travel makes truth. Establishing the credibility of empirical observations in geographical exploration is easier if one witnesses for one's self the phenomena in question. That was not always possible. But was the travellers' tale trustworthy, and if so, on what basis? Many tales of geographical 'fact' were little more than imagined fiction. The explorer has the benefit of immediacy, yet establishing secure facts about places is hindered by mobility and by the strangeness of what is observed, particularly when memory is no guide to perception. Not everything can be seen. Explorers commonly placed trust in the accounts of others, leading them to assume a correspondence between what they are told and the social status of the informant. Direct witness, credible testimony and reliable correspondence are all different elements in geographical exploration. Because this is so, it is important to examine the different means by which geographical accounts correspond to those parts of the world being written about. Finally, correspondence is central to the relationships between the explorers' own accounts (their written words and maps) and the printed versions of them that form the basis for published books and maps. Since there is evidence that some publishers altered explorers' texts in order to cater to public demand, we cannot always assume that what was published corresponded to what the explorer had written down or sketched. For these reasons, 'correspondence' between the real world and reports about it present the historian with a continuing problem, one that is often assumed but rarely tested. This project reflects recent developments in historical geography, history of science and in the history of the book. In examining materials within the John Murray Archive (hereafter JMA) of the National Library of Scotland (NLS), the project is focused on an internationally-recognised collection, the extent of whose importance is only now coming to light. The materials within the JMA affords unparalleled insight into these problems. For the academic partners, the project will investigate the relationship between travellers' unpublished correspondence, the printed versions of geographical tales and the basis to trust in works, manuscript and printed, of geographical exploration. For the National Library of Scotland, the project will help promote the NLS agenda of public outreach and dissemination of its materials to a wide audience. Published outputs will take the form of a book, articles to learned journals and contributions to the National Library of Scotland's house-journal 'Discover NLS'. The work will be promoted through the NLS website and the website of the Centre for the History of the Book (in the University of Edinburgh). Conference papers will be given at international meetings in geography and in book history. A 3-day conference will be organised around the project.

该项目研究地理探索的历史和写作-探险家的帐户-以及它们的出版和印刷版本，特别是在约翰默里档案馆（苏格兰国家图书馆）内保存的材料。该提案汇集了历史地理学和图书史方面的专业知识，以研究通信在地理知识的制作和出版中的作用。在这种情况下，术语“对应”在这里有三个相互关联的含义。首先，它与探险家们构建地理叙事的话语惯例有关，无论是以书信、日记的形式，还是作为连续的叙事。第二，对应关系涉及到探险家和地理旅行者确信他们所被告知的真实性的手段，也就是说，他们所被告知的与他们对世界的经验之间的对应关系。这一点很重要，因为构成“现代事实”的一个核心和有问题的特征是旅行是否创造了真理。如果一个人亲眼目睹了所讨论的现象，那么在地理探索中建立经验观察的可信度就更容易了。这并不总是可能的。但旅行者的故事可信吗？如果可信，又有什么依据呢？许多关于地理“事实”的故事只不过是虚构的。探索者有即时性的好处，但建立关于地方的可靠事实却受到流动性和所观察到的事物的陌生性的阻碍，特别是当记忆无法引导感知时。并不是所有的东西都能看到。探险家通常相信别人的叙述，这使他们认为他们所听到的与告密者的社会地位是一致的。直接证人、可信的证词和可靠的通信都是地理勘探中的不同要素。正因为如此，重要的是要检查不同的手段，地理帐户对应于这些地区的世界被写入。最后，通信是探险家自己的叙述（他们的文字和地图）与印刷版本之间关系的核心，印刷版本构成了出版书籍和地图的基础。因为有证据表明，一些出版商修改了探险家的文本，以迎合公众的需求，我们不能总是假设出版的东西与探险家写下或勾勒的东西相对应。由于这些原因，真实的世界和关于它的报道之间的“对应”给历史学家提出了一个持续的问题，一个经常被假设但很少被检验的问题。这个项目反映了历史地理学、科学史和书籍史的最新发展。在检查苏格兰国家图书馆（NLS）约翰·默里档案馆（以下简称JMA）内的材料时，该项目的重点是国际公认的收藏，其重要性的程度现在才开始显现。JMA中的材料为这些问题提供了无与伦比的洞察力。对于学术合作伙伴，该项目将调查旅行者未发表的信件，地理故事的印刷版本以及信任地理探索的手稿和印刷作品的基础之间的关系。对苏格兰国家图书馆来说，该项目将有助于促进国家图书馆的公共外联议程，并向广大受众传播其材料。出版的成果将以书籍、学术期刊文章和向苏格兰国家图书馆的内部期刊“发现NLS”投稿的形式出现。这项工作将通过国家图书馆网站和图书史中心（爱丁堡大学）网站进行宣传。会议论文将在地理和图书历史的国际会议上发表。将围绕该项目组织为期3天的会议。