Cultures of Legibility: Emergent Urban Landscapes in Southeast Asia

这项研究的重点是在雅加达市周围的湿稻农业景观中出现的复杂的定居形式的代表性。它记录了官方宏观规模的规划地图在记录这些领域的局限性，并诊断了各种私营部门和社区行为体开发的替代代表风格。本研究假设，这种表示正在形成新生的“文化的合法性”，它检查他们的能力，通知正式的城市和区域规划过程中，而不被其工具logics.The解决形式周围雅加达（和其他东南亚的大城市，如曼谷和马尼拉）出现被称为desa-kota景观（“农村城市”在印度尼西亚）。它们的特点是土地利用和基础设施/水稻农业、传统村庄、封闭郊区、家庭工业、购物中心、高尔夫球场、工业综合体、高速公路的独特组合。在视觉上、形态上和功能上，德萨科塔的景观甚至比最分散的西方城市更复杂、更多变。尽管这些地区在生态、社会和经济方面遇到困难，但它们（通过各种法律的、非法的和准法律的手段）维持着相对成功的社区。德萨科塔景观的复杂性和流动性意味着，它们对负责规划和管理其未来的州机构部署的传统代表模式提出了特别的困难。这些机构严重依赖传统制图和地理信息系统的定量、正射和工具逻辑。这些形式的地图，虽然适合于记录硬城市基础设施，如郊区住房，工业园区，高速公路，往往不登记更短暂的，景观或本地元素的德萨科塔区。因此，现有的desa-kota区的规划地图总是包含大量的“模糊”区域，其中某些区域未被绘制。在许多方面，这样的desa-kota区，到目前为止，受益于他们的模糊国家规划的视觉制度。这就是说，这些区域的长期可行性要求它们在正式规划过程中变得清晰可辨，从而要求在正式规划过程中占有一席之地。在官方层面上，德萨-科塔区的模糊性在地方民粹主义层面上并没有复制。在这里，desa-kota景观产生了广泛的可变的代表形式，从私营部门的街道目录和房地产地图，非政府组织和社区绿色地图，以信息图形在大众发行的报纸和杂志。这种地方化表示的不同目的、媒介和方法意味着它们不能归入一般的地图学或单一的易读性逻辑。但它们确实提供了局部的易读性，构成了想象城市景观的新生方式，并可能产生独特的“易读性文化”。调查最近关于“城市合法性”的辩论2。详细阐述这些辩论与具体的desa-kota企业3。记录官方宏观规划地图的局限性，并诊断这些地区新生的“易读性文化”4。检查他们的能力，通知和扩展城市规划和设计的代表性公约5。利用互动式网路地理资讯科技进行研究与传播，此研究可丰富规划师、都市设计师与建筑师在desa-kota环境下的视觉语言与理论语汇。此外，它还将促进东南亚城市经验融入关于新兴城市形式的更广泛的国际辩论。

This research is focussed on the representation of the complex forms of settlement that are emerging in the wet-rice agricultural landscapes around the city of Jakarta. It documents the limitations of official macro-scaled planning maps in recording these areas, and diagnoses alternative styles of representation that various private sector and community actors have developed. This research hypothesizes that such representations are forming nascent 'cultures of legibility', and it examines their capacity to inform the formal urban and regional planning processes without being subsumed by their instrumental logics.The settlement forms emerging around Jakarta (and other Southeast Asian mega-cities such as Bangkok and Manila) have been dubbed desa-kota landscapes ('rural-city' in Indonesian). They are characterized by a unique combination of land uses and infrastructures / rice agriculture, traditional villages, gated suburbs, cottage industries, malls, golf courses, industrial complexes, freeways. Desa-kota landscapes are visually, morphologically, and functionally more complex and fluid than even the most dispersed of western cities. Despite the ecological, social and economic difficulties such zones experience, they sustain (through various legal, illegal, and quasi-legal means) relatively successful communities.The complexity and fluidity of desa-kota landscapes means that they present particular difficulties for the conventional modes of representation as deployed by the state agencies responsible for planning and managing their futures. These agencies rely heavily on the quantitative, orthographic and instrumental logics of traditional cartography and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). These forms of mapping, while suited to recording hard urban infrastructures, such as suburban housing, industrial complexes, and freeways, tend not to register the more ephemeral, landscape or vernacular elements of desa-kota zones. As a consequence, existing planning maps of desa-kota zones always contain substantial areas of 'illegibility' in which certain areas are left unmapped.In many respects such desa-kota zones have, to date, benefited from their illegibility to the visual regime of state planning. This said, the longer-term viability of these zones requires them to become legible to, and so claim a stake in, formal planning processes. The illegibility of desa-kota zones at official levels is not replicated in local populist levels. Here, desa-kota landscapes have spawned a wide range of variable representational forms, ranging from private sector street directories and real-estate maps, to NGO and community green maps, to information graphics in mass circulation newspapers and magazines. The diverse aims, mediums and methods of such localized representations mean that they cannot be subsumed into a general cartography or singular logic of legibility. But they do offer patches of local legibility that constitute nascent ways of imagining the urban landscape, and that may give rise to distinctive 'cultures of legibility'.The summary research objectives are to:1. Investigate recent debates on 'urban legibility'2. Elaborate these debates in relation to specific desa-kota landscapes3. Document the limitations of official macro-scaled planning maps and diagnose nascent 'cultures of legibility' in these zones4. Examine their capacities to inform and extend the representational conventions of urban planning and design5. Exploit the potentials of interactive, web-based geographic information technologies for research and dissemination.This research has the potential to enrich the visual languages and theoretical vocabularies available to planners, urban designers and architects working in desa-kota contexts. Furthermore, it will facilitate the integration of the Southeast Asian urban experience into wider international debates on emergent urban forms.