Occupational Pesticide Exposure of Parents and Brain Tumor Risk in Children

描述（由申请人提供）： 父母的职业是可能影响儿童脑肿瘤（CBT）风险的暴露来源之一。虽然父母的暴露已被研究与CBT，没有令人信服的风险因素已被确定，也许是因为小样本量，异质性病例组，和粗糙的暴露评估。我们建议研究父母的职业和CBT使用已经收集的数据，从一个大的病例对照研究，仅限于一个组织学组的肿瘤，并收集详细的工作信息。我们假设母亲和父亲暴露于三类杀虫剂（杀虫剂，除草剂和杀真菌剂）增加了髓母细胞瘤/原始神经外胚层肿瘤（MB/PNET）的风险。我们还将假设一个角色的工作活动，如焊接，油漆，并建议由以前报道的协会与特定的职业和行业。作为次要目标，我们将调查动物和动物产品的暴露情况。样本包括来自儿童肿瘤学小组在幼儿中进行的MB/PNET研究的318例母亲、318例对照母亲、272例父亲和258例对照父亲的信息。对于父亲，收集了从18岁到参考日期的工作信息，包括就业日期、使用的物质和工具、活动和任务，对于60多个工作，收集了一个针对具体工作的模块。至于除害剂，两名专家会根据家长提供的详细工作资料、广泛的工业卫生文献综述汇编，以及他们本身的经验和专业知识，进行接触评估。对于动物暴露，两位专家将使用父母提供的详细工作信息和他们自己的专业知识来分配暴露。农药暴露的数据分析将包括暴露的强度和概率以及评估者对分配的信心，并将包括敏感性分析，以确定评估者间变异性的可能影响。对于工作活动的分析，我们将考虑曾经和从未进行过活动以及花费在活动上的时间。人口统计学和其他混杂因素将被考虑用于每种暴露和活动。父母职业可能仍然是CBT和儿童癌症研究的重点。本研究结果将为今后的研究提供基础，无论是暴露量还是方法都值得进一步关注。在暴露方面，我们将确定农药或动物暴露是否更有可能解释与农业的报告关联，以及哪类农药最值得关注。工作活动的结果将提示进一步研究的暴露。就方法而言，农药接触的方法也可适用于其他接触。在职业暴露和儿童癌症的研究中，工作任务的评估很少或根本没有使用。拟议的研究将提供关于这些办法的效用的资料。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Parents' occupations are one source of exposures that may influence the risk of childhood brain tumors (CBT). Although parental exposure has been studied in relation to CBT, no convincing risk factors have been identified, perhaps because of small sample sizes, heterogeneous case groups, and crude exposure assessment. We propose to study parental occupation and CBT using already collected data from a large case-control study that was limited to one histologic group of tumors and collected detailed job information. We hypothesize that maternal and paternal exposure to three classes of pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides) increase the risk of medulloblastoma/ primitive neuroectodermal tumor (MB/PNET). We will also hypothesize a role for job activities, such as welding, painting, and degreasing, suggested by previously reported associations with specific occupations and industries. As secondary aims, we will investigate exposure to animals and animal products. The sample consists of information on 318 case mothers, 318 control mothers, 272 case fathers, and 258 control fathers from a study of MB/PNET in young children conducted by the Children's Oncology Group. For fathers, information on jobs from age 18 until the reference date was collected including dates of employment, substances and tools used, activities and tasks, and for more than 60 jobs, a module tailored to the specific job. For pesticides, two experts will perform the exposure assessment based on the detailed job information provided by the parents, a compilation of an extensive industrial hygiene literature review, and their own experience and expertise. For animal exposure, the two experts will use the detailed job information from the parents and their own expertise to assign exposure. Data analysis for pesticide exposure will include intensity and probability of exposure and the rater's confidence in the assignment and will include sensitivity analyses to determine the likely effect of interrater variability. For the analysis of job activities, we will consider ever versus never performed the activity as well as time spent at it. Demographic and other confounders will be considered for each exposure and activity. Parental occupation is likely to remain a focus of research on CBT and childhood cancer generally. The results of this study will provide the basis for further research in terms of both exposures and methods worthy of further attention. In terms of exposures, we will determine whether pesticide or animal exposure is more likely to explain the reported association with agriculture, and which pesticide class deserves the most attention. The results for job activities will suggest exposures to study further. In terms of methods, the approach to pesticide exposure can be applied to other exposures as well. The assessment of job tasks has been used little or not at all in studies of occupational exposure and childhood cancer. The proposed study will provide information on the usefulness of these approaches.