Chicago Islet Consortium ICR at UIC

描述（由申请人提供）：I型糖尿病是由身体不能产生胰岛素引起的，胰岛素是一种“解锁”身体细胞的激素，允许葡萄糖进入并为它们提供能量。据估计，2080万美国人患有糖尿病；1型糖尿病占病例的5%至10%（约156万1型糖尿病患者）。严格控制血糖水平是预防I型糖尿病慢性并发症（如失明、肾衰竭和心血管疾病）发病或减少其进展的最有效方法。胰岛移植可实现1型糖尿病患者胰岛素独立、血糖控制和低血糖发作的自由。然而，从尸体供体胰腺中恢复功能胰岛是一个复杂的过程，需要优化。在人类胰岛细胞的无限来源变得可用之前，用于治疗糖尿病的内分泌替代疗法的进一步发展将完全取决于高质量胰岛制剂的可用性，无论是用于临床应用还是实验室研究。由于胰岛分离程序的复杂性，最好将专有技术集中在数量有限的中心或财团中，以便对现有资源进行最佳利用。该应用程序的目的是将伊利诺伊大学和芝加哥胰岛联盟现有的人类胰岛核心设施扩展为联邦资助的胰岛细胞资源中心，以分离、纯化、表征和分配人类胰岛细胞，用于移植到糖尿病患者体内，并用于更大社区的实验室研究。UIC的ICR及其在芝加哥胰岛联盟的合作伙伴将负责整个胰腺的采购、胰岛细胞制剂的分离和质量控制，以及为已批准的研究或临床方案分发胰岛。ucic的ICR正在进行研究和开发，以改进分离技术、细胞活力和功能以及运输程序，并正在研究改进评估胰岛质量、组成、质量和活力的方法。此外，对于该领域的进展最重要的是，UIC的ICR将继续为糖尿病患者的移植提供大量高质量的胰岛制剂。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Type I diabetes results from the body's failure to produce insulin, the hormone that "unlocks" the cells of the body, allowing glucose to enter and fuel them. It is estimated that 20.8 Million Americans have diabetes; type I diabetes accounts for 5 to 10% of cases (approximately 1.56 Million type I diabetic patients). Keeping blood glucose levels under tight control represents the most effective way either to prevent the onset or to reduce the progression of the chronic complications of type I diabetes, such as blindness, kidney failure and cardiovascular diseases. Islet transplantation can achieve insulin independence, glucose control and freedom of hypoglycemic attacks in patients afflicted with Type I diabetes mellitus. However, the recovery of functional pancreatic islets from cadaveric donor pancreata is a complex procedure and needs to be optimized. Until an unlimited source of human pancreatic islet cell becomes available, the further development of endocrine replacement therapy for the treatment of diabetes will solely depend on the availability of high quality islet preparations, both for clinical application and laboratory-based research. Because of the complexity of the islet isolation procedure, it would be desirable to concentrate the know-how in a limited number of centers or consortiums to allow for optimal use of available resources. The aim of this application is to extend the existing human islet core facility at the University of Illinois and the Chicago Islet Consortium into a federally funded Islet Cell Resource Center to isolate, purify, characterize and distribute human pancreatic islet cells for both transplantation into diabetic patients and use in laboratory studies to a larger community. The ICR at UIC with its partners in the Chicago Islet Consortium will be responsible for the procurement of whole pancreata, isolation and quality control of islet cell preparations, and distribution of islets for approved research or clinical protocols. The ICR at UIC is conducting research and development to improve isolation techniques, cellular viability and function, and shipping procedures, and is investigating methods for improved assessment of islet mass, composition, quality and viability. In addition, and most importantly for the progress of the field, the ICR at UIC will continue to provide large numbers of high-quality islet preparations for transplantation in diabetic patients.