METALLIC NANOPARTICLES AS THERAPEUTIC CANCER PROBES

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 金属纳米粒子由于其尺寸、化学和物理性质，作为治疗癌症的治疗探针特别有吸引力。 任何基于纳米颗粒治疗的临床进展的中心将是产生可以靶向血管、细胞外或细胞表面受体的混合纳米颗粒。 特异性靶向癌症脉管系统的混合纳米颗粒的开发已经受到相当大的关注。 大多数癌症具有渗漏的脉管系统和有缺陷的血管结构，这是由于服务于快速生长的癌症所必需的快速血管化而产生的，与不良的淋巴引流相结合，允许增加渗透和保留效果。 由于较高的孔隙率和渗透性，渗漏的脉管系统充当金属纳米颗粒的天然高亲和力靶。 另一个有吸引力的方法对纳米技术的应用。与纳米医学的联系是纳米粒子的效用，它显示出固有的治疗特性。 例如，放射性金纳米粒子在癌症治疗中呈现出诱人的前景。 Au-198（bmax = 0.96 MeV; t1/2 = 2.7 d）和Au-199（bmax = 0.46 MeV; t1/2 = 3.14 d）的放射性性质使它们成为用于放射性应用的理想候选者。 此外，它们都具有用于剂量测定和药物动力学研究的可成像γ发射，并且Au-199可以通过间接方法制成无载体。 金纳米颗粒可直接将药物以较高浓度递送到细胞和细胞成分中，因此在疾病治疗中具有重要意义。例如，更高剂量的放射性。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Metallic nanoparticles, because of their size, chem. and phys. properties, are particularly attractive as therapeutic probes in treating cancer. Central to any clin. advances in nanoparticulate based therapy will be to produce hybrid nanoparticles that can be targeted to vascular, extracellular or cell surface receptors. Development of hybrid nanoparticles that specifically target cancer vasculature has received considerable attention. Most cancers have leaky vasculature and the defective vascular architecture, created due to the rapid vascularization necessary to serve fast growing cancers, in combination with poor lymphatic drainage allows increased permeation and retention effects. The leaky vasculature, because of higher porosity and permeability, serve as natural high affinity targets to metallic nanoparticles. Another attractive approach toward the application of nanotechnol. to nanomedicine is the utility of nanoparticles that display inherent therapeutic properties. For example radioactive gold nanoparticles present attractive prospects in therapy of cancer. The radioactive properties of Au-198 (bmax = 0.96 MeV: t1/2 = 2.7 d) and Au-199 (bmax = 0.46 MeV; t1/2 = 3.14 d) make them ideal candidates for use in radiotherapeutic applications. In addn., they both have imageable gamma emissions for dosimetry and pharmacokinetic studies and Au-199 can be made carrier-free by indirect methods. Gold nanoparticles are of interest for treatment of disease as they can deliver agents directly into cells and cellular components with a higher concn. of radioactivity, e.g. higher dose of radioactivity, to cancerous tumor cells.